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posted by janrinok on Wednesday June 29 2022, @07:17AM   Printer-friendly
from the you-can-also-use-them-as-a-club dept.

What sea cucumbers can teach us about self-defense:

Sea cucumbers are a food delicacy in south Asia where their cultivation is a multi-million-dollar industry. The molecules they produce to defend their ecological niche at the bottom of the ocean are highly valued for their medicinal properties.

These curious marine animals produce a category of molecule known as triterpenoid saponins which are widespread in plants, but rare in animals.

Until now the question of how they evolved their unusual ability to produce these molecules has been unexplained. An international research collaboration investigated the genome of sea cucumbers and compared them with those of other Echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins. Analysis showed that an enzyme found across all kingdoms of life that makes sterols, essential for building membranes and hormones, was missing in sea cucumber.

In sea cucumbers this sterol-producing function had been diverted to produce two new genes in this enzyme family. Using molecular biology, the researchers isolated the genes, transferred them to yeast and analysed the extracts.

This showed that the genes have acquired new functions; one of them makes an alternative type of saponin that the sea cucumber uses for self-defence, and the other produces molecules that protect the creature from the toxic effects of its own chemicals.

Chemical analysis showed that these genes required for the synthesis of self-defence compounds were expressed more in the outside layers of tissue.

Journal Reference:
Thimmappa, Ramesha, Wang, Shi, Zheng, Minyan, et al. Biosynthesis of saponin defensive compounds in sea cucumbers [open], Nature Chemical Biology (DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01054-y)


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  • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 29 2022, @11:43AM (3 children)

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 29 2022, @11:43AM (#1256832)

    If the molecules don't protect them from being eaten by Chinamen, it's hardly self-defense... more like flavor enhancement.

    • (Score: 3, Interesting) by SpockLogic on Wednesday June 29 2022, @12:09PM

      by SpockLogic (2762) on Wednesday June 29 2022, @12:09PM (#1256836)

      I've eaten sea cucumber once and it tasted like fricasseed car tire, never again.

      --
      Overreacting is one thing, sticking your head up your ass hoping the problem goes away is another - edIII
    • (Score: 3, Funny) by inertnet on Wednesday June 29 2022, @12:29PM (1 child)

      by inertnet (4071) on Wednesday June 29 2022, @12:29PM (#1256846) Journal

      Learning Aikido would indeed probably be more effective for those cucumbers.

      • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 29 2022, @01:23PM

        by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 29 2022, @01:23PM (#1256867)

        If the sea cucumbers exercised their Supreme Court Approved Right to Bear Arms, we wouldn't be having this discussion.

  • (Score: -1, Spam) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 29 2022, @08:50PM

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 29 2022, @08:50PM (#1256985)

    Your signature's YOUR UNDOING:

    "Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people; the smallest discuss hosts files"

    You must be a NO-MIND: Especially as I SHOT YOU DOWN discussing hosts making YOU the SMALLEST NO MIND since you lost on hosts with you getting SHOT TO PIECES with the above & what's below as proof thereof!

    I easily tore you apart with FACTS (i.e./e.g. - Paralyzing botnets is EASY if you have the C2 & other servers it uses information - FACT & why security articles post Indicators of Compromise (IOC)).

    ---

    Dalek EXTERMINATED by APK (again)!

    No small wonder he got rid of his OLD SIGNATURE of "exterminate", lol - especially after ALL of the below FACTS:

    FACT: Hosts work vs. Symbiote C2 server(s) per this line from a MUCH better article than the one used here from bradley13 per "configuration in the binary that used the git[.]bancodobrasil[.]dev domain as its C2 server" from https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/new-linux-threat-symbiote/ [intezer.com]

    & did I block that in my original posts here https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=49835&page=1&cid=1253504#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] on this BOGUS sockpuppet upmodding yourselves shithole website (which also noted FIREWALLS are invaluable here too, per wildcards (or even IP address use, URL domain/subdomain too in many as well))?

    YES I DID! I was correct!

    FACT: hosts files block symbiote C2 servers which is all you really need to do to nullify their communication.

    FACT: Exfiltration isn't possible without orders either.

    FACT: Orders come from C2 servers!

    When I show people articles that debunk misinformation about COVID-19, the response is often that the articles are from the mainstream media and can't be trusted. It's the same principle, where the information is rejected on the basis of its source, without regard for content. - by dalek (15489) on Wednesday November 17, @06:14PM (#1197102)

    And what did you say to ME hypocrite?

    I'll believe a very prestigious scientific journal like Nature over the sketchy website you keep citing. - by dalek (15489) on Wednesday November 17, @11:30PM (#1197219)

    I showed real results doctors had on video stating it themselves.

    YET All you do is cite MSM VERY FAKE NEWS!

    Proven TONS of times to be so in fact along with their "fact checkers" !

    You're a mindless automaton, incapable of thinking for yourself. If you were capable of critical thinking and logical reasoning, you'd have already been aware that what you're posting is nonsense - by dalek (15489) on Friday November 05, @12:17AM (#1193524)

    I put up what PHD and MDs by the truckload literally let us see (not just YOUR MSM "russia, Russia, RUSSIA" disproven in COURTS vs. Trump very fake news)?

    Do as I say not as I do right dalek?

    You are a hypocrite BS artist that CONTRADICTS himself!

    More from your losing attempt @ DEBATING me (you = IGNORANT FOOL in this area of genetics & TOTALLY undereducated in it - whereas by COMPARISON I am not):

    Your rants about genetics are irrelevant - by dalek (15489) on Friday November 05, @02:17AM (#1193555)

    THIS IS ALL ABOUT GENETICS!

    WHAT IS mRNA after all?

    ANSWER = A part of protein synthesis involving mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA for the creation of DNA!

    IF RNA single helix strands JOIN improperly into a NEW double-helix DNA (via Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine & Thymine) it creates ERRORS (cancer is 1 possible bad one, mutations another etc.)

    See NHEJ below.

    dalek - have you taken any genetics coursework?

    I have & got A's (as my science elective requirement during my CS degreework)!

    vaccines don't contain graphene oxide.- by dalek (15489) on Tuesday October 26, @07:37AM (#1190563)

    1st of all, TONS of vaccines have used poisonous Graphene oxide (or dioxide) as ADJUVANTS over time.

    Secondly: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY EXPERT Dr. Young SHOWS POISONOUS GRAPHENE IN VACCINES ALSO:

    https://www.brighteon.com/9e58bf44-05e7-4b71-97e5-b243f6cf890c [brighteon.com]

    &

    https://www.brighteon.com/9fbd7735-b49d-4e31-a146-f67d7eb54d75 [brighteon.com]

    GRAPHENE OXIDE's in Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson (Janssen) + AstraZeneca:

    https://www.brighteon.com/6d8fcfd7-4811-4e64-90c9-bd5585b59ff5 [brighteon.com]

    &

    A major cause of myocarditis, clotting, CANCER MALIGNANCY etc.? That's right: GRAPHENE OXIDE.

    COVID-19 vaccines do not cause cancer - by dalek (15489) on Tuesday October 26, @04:45AM (#1190535)

    Graphene Oxide Promotes Cancer Metastasis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31877027/ [nih.gov]

    An Israeli study PROVES that the NHEJ (non-homologous end joining) mechanism in your cells is DAMAGED by SPIKE PROTEINS in the death vax & IT IS LINKED TO CANCER per https://naturalnews.com/2021-11-02-covid-vaccines-inhibit-dna-repair-cause-cancer.html [naturalnews.com]

    All FROM my +5 upmodded post on COVID killshots (which they HAVE proven to be on TONS of levels) https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=46034&page=1&cid=1197563#commentwrap [soylentnews.org]

    you'll attack someone for extended periods of time whenever they show that you're wrong about something, which happens very frequently - by dalek (15489) on Wednesday October 06, @11:10PM (#1184989)

    LOL: Well, there's the BS you state WHERE YOU ATTACKED ME only to DESTROY YOURSELF for me - thank you, lol!

    HOW IRONIC!

    (Dalek "EXTERMINATED" not only by FACTS from experts in microscopy, but DALEK'S own WORDS he has to EAT, lol!)

    NOW THE "ICING ON THE CAKE" EXPOSING YOU, sockpuppeteer UPMODDING YOURSELF obviously + downmod bombing scumbag - RIGHT FROM YOU once more:

    Once this account is old enough to be eligible to moderate, I'll be happy to give you the spam mods you deserve - by dalek (15489) on Wednesday October 06, @11:10PM (#1184989)

    THANKS FOR SHOWING US YOUR "MODUS OPERANDI" SOCKPUPPETEER troll! Fakename & all for a FAKE like you!

    APK

    P.S.=> THIS? This was just "too, Too, TOO EASY - just '2ez'" & it always IS vs. hypocrites like you, fakename... apk

  • (Score: -1, Spam) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 29 2022, @11:53PM

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 29 2022, @11:53PM (#1257034)

    Your signature's YOUR UNDOING:

    "Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people; the smallest discuss hosts files"

    You must be a NO-MIND: Especially as I SHOT YOU DOWN discussing hosts making YOU the SMALLEST NO MIND since I easily tore you apart with FACTS (i.e./e.g. - Paralyzing botnets is EASY if you have the C2 & other servers it uses information - FACT & why security articles post Indicators of Compromise (IOC)).

    ---

    Dalek EXTERMINATED by APK (again)!

    No small wonder he got rid of his OLD SIGNATURE of "exterminate", lol - especially after ALL of the below FACTS:

    FACT: Hosts work vs. Symbiote C2 server(s) per this line from a MUCH better article than the one used here from bradley13 per "configuration in the binary that used the git[.]bancodobrasil[.]dev domain as its C2 server" from https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/new-linux-threat-symbiote/ [intezer.com]

    & did I block that in my original posts here https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=49835&page=1&cid=1253504#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] on this BOGUS sockpuppet upmodding yourselves shithole website (which also noted FIREWALLS are invaluable here too, per wildcards (or even IP address use, URL domain/subdomain too in many as well))?

    YES I DID! I was correct!

    FACT: hosts files block symbiote C2 servers which is all you really need to do to nullify their communication.

    FACT: Exfiltration isn't possible without orders either.

    FACT: Orders come from C2 servers!

    When I show people articles that debunk misinformation about COVID-19, the response is often that the articles are from the mainstream media and can't be trusted. It's the same principle, where the information is rejected on the basis of its source, without regard for content. - by dalek (15489) on Wednesday November 17, @06:14PM (#1197102)

    And what did you say to ME hypocrite?

    I'll believe a very prestigious scientific journal like Nature over the sketchy website you keep citing. - by dalek (15489) on Wednesday November 17, @11:30PM (#1197219)

    I showed real results doctors had on video stating it themselves.

    YET All you do is cite MSM VERY FAKE NEWS!

    Proven TONS of times to be so in fact along with their "fact checkers" !

    You're a mindless automaton, incapable of thinking for yourself. If you were capable of critical thinking and logical reasoning, you'd have already been aware that what you're posting is nonsense - by dalek (15489) on Friday November 05, @12:17AM (#1193524)

    I put up what PHD and MDs by the truckload literally let us see (not just YOUR MSM "russia, Russia, RUSSIA" disproven in COURTS vs. Trump very fake news)?

    Do as I say not as I do right dalek?

    You are a hypocrite BS artist that CONTRADICTS himself!

    More from your losing attempt @ DEBATING me (you = IGNORANT FOOL in this area of genetics & TOTALLY undereducated in it - whereas by COMPARISON I am not):

    Your rants about genetics are irrelevant - by dalek (15489) on Friday November 05, @02:17AM (#1193555)

    THIS IS ALL ABOUT GENETICS!

    WHAT IS mRNA after all?

    ANSWER = A part of protein synthesis involving mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA for the creation of DNA!

    IF RNA single helix strands JOIN improperly into a NEW double-helix DNA (via Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine & Thymine) it creates ERRORS (cancer is 1 possible bad one, mutations another etc.)

    See NHEJ below.

    dalek - have you taken any genetics coursework?

    I have & got A's (as my science elective requirement during my CS degreework)!

    vaccines don't contain graphene oxide.- by dalek (15489) on Tuesday October 26, @07:37AM (#1190563)

    1st of all, TONS of vaccines have used poisonous Graphene oxide (or dioxide) as ADJUVANTS over time.

    Secondly: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY EXPERT Dr. Young SHOWS POISONOUS GRAPHENE IN VACCINES ALSO:

    https://www.brighteon.com/9e58bf44-05e7-4b71-97e5-b243f6cf890c [brighteon.com]

    &

    https://www.brighteon.com/9fbd7735-b49d-4e31-a146-f67d7eb54d75 [brighteon.com]

    GRAPHENE OXIDE's in Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson (Janssen) + AstraZeneca:

    https://www.brighteon.com/6d8fcfd7-4811-4e64-90c9-bd5585b59ff5 [brighteon.com]

    &

    A major cause of myocarditis, clotting, CANCER MALIGNANCY etc.? That's right: GRAPHENE OXIDE.

    COVID-19 vaccines do not cause cancer - by dalek (15489) on Tuesday October 26, @04:45AM (#1190535)

    Graphene Oxide Promotes Cancer Metastasis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31877027/ [nih.gov]

    An Israeli study PROVES that the NHEJ (non-homologous end joining) mechanism in your cells is DAMAGED by SPIKE PROTEINS in the death vax & IT IS LINKED TO CANCER per https://naturalnews.com/2021-11-02-covid-vaccines-inhibit-dna-repair-cause-cancer.html [naturalnews.com]

    All FROM my +5 upmodded post on COVID killshots (which they HAVE proven to be on TONS of levels) https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=46034&page=1&cid=1197563#commentwrap [soylentnews.org]

    you'll attack someone for extended periods of time whenever they show that you're wrong about something, which happens very frequently - by dalek (15489) on Wednesday October 06, @11:10PM (#1184989)

    LOL: Well, there's the BS you state WHERE YOU ATTACKED ME only to DESTROY YOURSELF for me - thank you, lol!

    HOW IRONIC!

    (Dalek "EXTERMINATED" not only by FACTS from experts in microscopy, but DALEK'S own WORDS he has to EAT, lol!)

    NOW THE "ICING ON THE CAKE" EXPOSING YOU, sockpuppeteer UPMODDING YOURSELF obviously + downmod bombing scumbag - RIGHT FROM YOU once more:

    Once this account is old enough to be eligible to moderate, I'll be happy to give you the spam mods you deserve - by dalek (15489) on Wednesday October 06, @11:10PM (#1184989)

    * THANKS FOR SHOWING US YOUR "MODUS OPERANDI" SOCKPUPPETEER troll! Fakename & all for a FAKE like you!

    APK

    P.S.=> THIS? This was just "too, Too, TOO EASY - just '2ez'" & it always IS vs. hypocrites like you, fakename... apk

  • (Score: -1, Spam) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday June 30 2022, @04:44AM

    by Anonymous Coward on Thursday June 30 2022, @04:44AM (#1257092)

    Your signature's YOUR UNDOING! Dalek EXTERMINATED by APK (again)! No small wonder he got rid of his OLD SIGNATURE of "exterminate", lol - especially after ALL of the below FACTS:

    "Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people; the smallest discuss hosts files"

    Then obviously You're an ALL-TALK mere CHATTERING do-NOTHING & no viable solution offering NO-MIND since I SHOT YOU DOWN discussing hosts as I easily tore you apart w/ FACTS (i.e./e.g. - Paralyzing botnets is EASY if you have the C2 & other servers it uses information - FACT & why security articles post Indicators of Compromise (IOC)).

    ---

    FACT: Hosts work vs. Symbiote C2 server(s) per this line from a MUCH better article than the one used here from bradley13 per "configuration in the binary that used the git[.]bancodobrasil[.]dev domain as its C2 server" from https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/new-linux-threat-symbiote/ [intezer.com]

    & did I block that in my original posts here https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=49835&page=1&cid=1253504#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] on this BOGUS sockpuppet upmodding yourselves shithole website (which also noted FIREWALLS are invaluable here too, per wildcards (or even IP address use, URL domain/subdomain too in many as well))?

    YES I DID! I was correct!

    FACT: hosts files block symbiote C2 servers which is all you really need to do to nullify their communication.

    FACT: Exfiltration isn't possible without orders either.

    FACT: Orders come from C2 servers!

    When I show people articles that debunk misinformation about COVID-19, the response is often that the articles are from the mainstream media and can't be trusted. It's the same principle, where the information is rejected on the basis of its source, without regard for content. - by dalek (15489) on Wednesday November 17, @06:14PM (#1197102)

    And what did you say to ME hypocrite?

    I'll believe a very prestigious scientific journal like Nature over the sketchy website you keep citing. - by dalek (15489) on Wednesday November 17, @11:30PM (#1197219)

    I showed real results doctors had on video stating it themselves.

    YET All you do is cite MSM VERY FAKE NEWS!

    Proven TONS of times to be so in fact along with their "fact checkers" !

    You're a mindless automaton, incapable of thinking for yourself. If you were capable of critical thinking and logical reasoning, you'd have already been aware that what you're posting is nonsense - by dalek (15489) on Friday November 05, @12:17AM (#1193524)

    I put up what PHD and MDs by the truckload literally let us see (not just YOUR MSM "russia, Russia, RUSSIA" disproven in COURTS vs. Trump very fake news)?

    Do as I say not as I do right dalek?

    You are a hypocrite BS artist that CONTRADICTS himself!

    More from your losing attempt @ DEBATING me (you = IGNORANT FOOL in this area of genetics & TOTALLY undereducated in it - whereas by COMPARISON I am not):

    Your rants about genetics are irrelevant - by dalek (15489) on Friday November 05, @02:17AM (#1193555)

    THIS IS ALL ABOUT GENETICS!

    WHAT IS mRNA after all?

    ANSWER = A part of protein synthesis involving mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA for the creation of DNA!

    IF RNA single helix strands JOIN improperly into a NEW double-helix DNA (via Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine & Thymine) it creates ERRORS (cancer is 1 possible bad one, mutations another etc.)

    See NHEJ below.

    dalek - have you taken any genetics coursework?

    I have & got A's (as my science elective requirement during my CS degreework)!

    vaccines don't contain graphene oxide.- by dalek (15489) on Tuesday October 26, @07:37AM (#1190563)

    1st of all, TONS of vaccines have used poisonous Graphene oxide (or dioxide) as ADJUVANTS over time.

    Secondly: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY EXPERT Dr. Young SHOWS POISONOUS GRAPHENE IN VACCINES ALSO:

    https://www.brighteon.com/9e58bf44-05e7-4b71-97e5-b243f6cf890c [brighteon.com]

    &

    https://www.brighteon.com/9fbd7735-b49d-4e31-a146-f67d7eb54d75 [brighteon.com]

    GRAPHENE OXIDE's in Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson (Janssen) + AstraZeneca:

    https://www.brighteon.com/6d8fcfd7-4811-4e64-90c9-bd5585b59ff5 [brighteon.com]

    &

    A major cause of myocarditis, clotting, CANCER MALIGNANCY etc.? That's right: GRAPHENE OXIDE.

    COVID-19 vaccines do not cause cancer - by dalek (15489) on Tuesday October 26, @04:45AM (#1190535)

    Graphene Oxide Promotes Cancer Metastasis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31877027/ [nih.gov]

    An Israeli study PROVES that the NHEJ (non-homologous end joining) mechanism in your cells is DAMAGED by SPIKE PROTEINS in the death vax & IT IS LINKED TO CANCER per https://naturalnews.com/2021-11-02-covid-vaccines-inhibit-dna-repair-cause-cancer.html [naturalnews.com]

    All FROM my +5 upmodded post on COVID killshots (which they HAVE proven to be on TONS of levels) https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=46034&page=1&cid=1197563#commentwrap [soylentnews.org]

    you'll attack someone for extended periods of time whenever they show that you're wrong about something, which happens very frequently - by dalek (15489) on Wednesday October 06, @11:10PM (#1184989)

    YOU ATTACK ME FIRST? I annihilate you with FACTS that make you EAT YOUR WORDS you SMARMY little bitch!

    PUBLICLY HUMILIATING YOU!

    Fact is, ABOVE here in this post's the BS you state I quote above WHERE YOU ATTACKED ME 1st only to DESTROY YOURSELF for me - thank you, lol!

    HOW IRONIC!

    (Dalek "EXTERMINATED" not only by FACTS from experts in microscopy, but DALEK'S own WORDS he has to EAT, lol!)

    NOW THE "ICING ON THE CAKE" EXPOSING YOU, sockpuppeteer UPMODDING YOURSELF obviously + downmod bombing scumbag - RIGHT FROM YOU once more:

    Once this account is old enough to be eligible to moderate, I'll be happy to give you the spam mods you deserve - by dalek (15489) on Wednesday October 06, @11:10PM (#1184989)

    * THANKS FOR SHOWING US YOUR "MODUS OPERANDI" SOCKPUPPETEER troll! Fakename & all for a FAKE like you!

    APK

    P.S.=> THIS? This was just "too, Too, TOO EASY - just '2ez'" & it always IS vs. hypocrites like you, fakename... apk

(1)