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Arthur T Knackerbracket has found the following story:
The first science experiments that will be hosted on the Gateway, the international research outpost orbiting the moon, have been selected by ESA and NASA. Europe's contribution will monitor radiation to gain a complete understanding of cosmic and solar rays in unexplored areas as the orbital outpost is assembled around the moon.
The first module for the Gateway, the Power and Propulsion Element, is set to launch on the second Artemis mission and will host two external scientific investigations.
ESA's hardware will actively monitor radiation at all times and return data for all scientists from participating countries to consult.
As the Gateway module flies to its position in a halo-like orbit around the moon, it will pass through the Van Allen radiation belt—an area around Earth where high-energy particles are trapped by our planet's magnetic field. The particles can cause more radiation damage to humans, and the hardware will provide useful information on to how to keep astronauts safe as they pass through the belt.
Once in position, the Gateway will orbit the moon flying as close as 3000 km from the lunar surface and at its furthest, 70 000 km. The radiation investigation will continue to monitor the changes in protons, electrons and heavy ions and neutrons as they hit the measuring instruments.
"Heavy neutrons are of particular interest for us," says ESA's Science Team Leader of Human and Robotic Exploration Jennifer Ngo-Anh "some cosmic rays hit the moon and interact with the surface to reflect as heavy neutrons that are particularly damaging to humans. We need to know more about where and how these particles form, to protect astronauts."
[...] The Gateway will be built and assembled this decade as a platform for science in deep space and as an outpost for astronauts traveling onwards to the lunar surface. It is led by NASA. Following decisions at Space19+, ESA will build a Habitation module, communications systems and a refuelling module for the Gateway. The Canadian Space Agency has committed to provide advanced robotics for the lunar outpost. The Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency is also in discussion to supply elements.
(Score: 2) by takyon on Monday March 16 2020, @01:42PM (4 children)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft [wikipedia.org]
One argument that you could make is that most orbital spacecraft that we have launched are experiencing a significant amount of atmospheric drag, and similar effects exist even in deep space (solar wind, hydrogen and other atoms in the interstellar medium).
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 2) by maxwell demon on Monday March 16 2020, @02:00PM
Strictly speaking, even the cosmic microwave background causes a drag, although it should be negligible for our spacecraft.
There are two effects that cause the drag: The searchlight effect makes sure that, in the space ship's frame of reference, there comes more radiation from in front of it than from behind, and the Doppler effect makes sure that the radiation from in front of it has higher energy than the radiation from behind.
The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
(Score: 2) by PiMuNu on Monday March 16 2020, @04:03PM
It's not flying. It's falling sideways!
(Score: 1) by khallow on Monday March 16 2020, @05:12PM
(Score: 2) by Runaway1956 on Monday March 16 2020, @05:19PM
I responded to your question, but I hit the wrong "reply" button. Too bad we can't edit stupid mistakes like that. https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=36582&page=1&cid=971936#commentwrap [soylentnews.org]