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posted by Fnord666 on Friday February 23 2018, @11:28PM   Printer-friendly
from the neolithic-brexit dept.

Arthur T Knackerbracket has found the following story:

The ancient population of Britain was almost completely replaced by newcomers about 4,500 years ago, a study shows.

The findings mean modern Britons trace just a small fraction of their ancestry to the people who built Stonehenge.

The astonishing result comes from analysis of DNA extracted from 400 ancient remains across Europe.

The mammoth study, published in Nature, suggests the newcomers, known as Beaker people, replaced 90% of the British gene pool in a few hundred years.

Lead author Prof David Reich, from Harvard Medical School in Cambridge, US, said: "The magnitude and suddenness of the population replacement is highly unexpected."

The reasons remain unclear, but climate change, disease and ecological disaster could all have played a role.

People in Britain lived by hunting and gathering until agriculture was introduced from continental Europe about 6,000 years ago. These Neolithic farmers, who traced their origins to Anatolia (modern Turkey) built giant stone (or "megalithic") structures such as Stonehenge in Wiltshire, huge Earth mounds and sophisticated settlements such as Skara Brae in the Orkneys.

But towards the end of the Neolithic, about 4,450 years ago, a new way of life spread to Britain from Europe. People began burying their dead with stylised bell-shaped pots, copper daggers, arrowheads, stone wrist guards and distinctive perforated buttons.

Co-author Dr Carles Lalueza-Fox, from the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE) in Barcelona, Spain, said the Beaker traditions probably started "as a kind of fashion" in Iberia after 5,000 years ago.

From here, the culture spread very fast by word of mouth to Central Europe. After it was adopted by people in Central Europe, it exploded in every direction - but through the movement of people.

Prof Reich told BBC News: "Archaeologists ever since the Second World War have been very sceptical about proposals of large-scale movements of people in prehistory. But what the genetics are showing - with the clearest example now in Britain at Beaker times - is that these large-scale migrations occurred, even after the spread of agriculture."

[...] The Nature study examines the Beaker phenomenon across Europe using DNA from hundreds more samples, including remains from Holland, Spain, the Czech Republic, Italy and France.

Another intriguing possibility links the Beaker people with the spread of Celtic languages. Although many linguistics experts believe Celtic spread thousands of years later, Dr Lalueza-Fox said: "In my view, the massive population turnover must be accompanied by a language replacement."


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  • (Score: 2) by fritsd on Saturday February 24 2018, @11:27AM

    by fritsd (4586) on Saturday February 24 2018, @11:27AM (#642992) Journal

    Why automatically select the meanest thing you can possibly argue for, hrmm?

    That's a good question...

    In general (excluding large gaps such as the Middle Ages) I think we can see history as a progression of technology: we have much higher technology now than in the Iron Age.
    Also I believe personally that the pace accelerated after the Enlightenment, and because of the Enlightenment.

    I don't believe that we can see human culture as a whole as a progression of (what to call it.. sociology??). Now in our lifetimes we *have* a charter of Human Rights, however that doesn't mean that every person on earth can expect those standards and expect to be able to complain and have their complaint redressed if they're being oppressed.

    So "technology" and "culture" do NOT progress apace; high technology depends on high culture I believe: keeping the nerds and weirdos alive and thriving instead of burning them at the stake. The reverse does not apply viz. Orwell.

    So there can be a common thought "in old times, peope's lives were harsh, brutish and short"; "people were much more mean to each other in old times so obviously the newcomers genocided the autochthones" but I think that does not follow (it may still be true or untrue for different cases).

    Sorry that I can't articulate better what I mean.

    Also, we wouldn't know what mitochondrial DNA [wikipedia.org] is, and that it inherits from your mom's ancestry only, without high technology.

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