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posted by chromas on Tuesday July 31 2018, @10:00PM   Printer-friendly

Geometry Has a New Shape. Meet the 'Scutoid.'

This shape — new to math, not to nature — is the form that a group of cells in the body takes in order to pack tightly and efficiently into the tricky curves of organs, scientists reported in a new paper, published July 27 in the journal Nature Communications [open, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05376-1] [DX].

The cells, called epithelial cells, line most surfaces in an animal's body, including the skin, other organs and blood vessels. These cells are typically described in biology books as column-like or having some sort of prism shape — two parallel faces and a certain number of parallelogram sides. Sometimes, they can also be described as a bottle-like form of a prism called a "frustum."

But by using computational modeling, the group of scientists found that epithelial cells can take a new shape, previously unrecognized by mathematics, when they have to pack together tightly to form the bending parts of organs. The scientists named the shape "scutoid" after a triangle-shaped part of a beetle's thorax called the scutellum. The scutoid itself looks like a bent prism with five slightly slanted sides and one corner cut off.

The researchers later confirmed the presence of the new shape in the epithelial cells of fruit-fly salivary glands and embryos.

By packing into scutoids, the cells minimize their energy use and maximize how stable they are when they pack, the researchers said in a statement. And uncovering such elegant mathematics of nature can provide engineers with new models to inspire delicate human-made tissues.

A newborn Wikipedia entry.


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  • (Score: 4, Funny) by Snotnose on Tuesday July 31 2018, @11:56PM (6 children)

    by Snotnose (1623) on Tuesday July 31 2018, @11:56PM (#715449)

    I'd hate to calculate the volume of that thing.

    --
    Why shouldn't we judge a book by it's cover? It's got the author, title, and a summary of what the book's about.
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  • (Score: 2) by mhajicek on Wednesday August 01 2018, @02:23AM

    by mhajicek (51) on Wednesday August 01 2018, @02:23AM (#715487)

    I would have thought a "scutoid" would be shaped like a scutum.

    --
    The spacelike surfaces of time foliations can have a cusp at the surface of discontinuity. - P. Hajicek
  • (Score: 2) by legont on Wednesday August 01 2018, @02:24AM (4 children)

    by legont (4179) on Wednesday August 01 2018, @02:24AM (#715488)

    It's actually simple. You count how many of them are used to fill the gap between two planes and divide the volume between the planes by the number you counted.

    --
    "Wealth is the relentless enemy of understanding" - John Kenneth Galbraith.
    • (Score: 2) by Snotnose on Wednesday August 01 2018, @02:34AM (3 children)

      by Snotnose (1623) on Wednesday August 01 2018, @02:34AM (#715491)

      Would that be the 737 plane or the A300 plane?

      My head hurts, send thoughts and prayers (or money works too) to:

      Snotnose
      8655 Graves #2
      Santee, Ca 92071

      / not my real address
      // not current, at least
      /// I understand money can follow a person after they move, so monetize those thoughts and prayers!

      --
      Why shouldn't we judge a book by it's cover? It's got the author, title, and a summary of what the book's about.
      • (Score: 2) by legont on Wednesday August 01 2018, @03:43AM (2 children)

        by legont (4179) on Wednesday August 01 2018, @03:43AM (#715513)

        "Plane" does not mean what you think it does, sorry.

        --
        "Wealth is the relentless enemy of understanding" - John Kenneth Galbraith.
        • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday August 01 2018, @06:10PM

          by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday August 01 2018, @06:10PM (#715831)

          Whoosh!

        • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday August 02 2018, @05:05PM

          by Anonymous Coward on Thursday August 02 2018, @05:05PM (#716334)

          if you speak in plane English, it does.