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posted by martyb on Friday January 04 2019, @04:41AM   Printer-friendly
from the circle-of-life dept.

With an upcoming bill, Washington state might be able to start composting dead people. The bill aims to legalize composting human remains and the heat generated by natural microbes should bring the pile up to 55°C for 72 hours, which is hot enough to kill key pathogens.

The method is called “recomposting” and claims to be cheaper and more environmentally friendly than traditional burial or cremation. It involves rapidly decomposing a body and converting the remains into soil. That nutrient-rich material can then be used to grow trees, flowers, and other new life.

The alternative practice hinges on a bill that state senator Jamie Pedersen plans to introduce next month, according to NBC. It would legalize recomposting in Washington where burial and cremation are currently the only acceptable ways to dispose of human remains.

Composting was prominent in the Larry Niven / Jerry Pournelle science fiction novel, Footfall. However, the discussion in Washington was initiated by Katrina Spade in 2013 while working on her master’s in architecture at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.


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  • (Score: 4, Interesting) by exaeta on Friday January 04 2019, @05:26AM (12 children)

    by exaeta (6957) on Friday January 04 2019, @05:26AM (#781916) Homepage Journal
    This is a great way to spread prion diseases. I don't think 55C will be hot enough. I suggest we stick with cremation. (burial at least has the advantage that the remains are usually sealed up in a box).
    --
    The Government is a Bird
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  • (Score: 3, Informative) by c0lo on Friday January 04 2019, @06:34AM (11 children)

    by c0lo (156) Subscriber Badge on Friday January 04 2019, @06:34AM (#781947) Journal

    This is a great way to spread prion diseases.

    Say, what? Do you think you'd be likely to eat the remains?
    Really? After one month in a tumbler with weeds decomposing in the same time as the body?

    The ncbnews link

    The process involves placing unembalmed human remains wrapped in a shroud in a 5-foot-by-10-foot cylindrical vessel with a bed of organic material such as wood chips, alfalfa and straw. Air is then periodically pulled into the vessel, providing oxygen to accelerate microbial activity. Within approximately one month, the remains are reduced to a cubic yard of compost that can be used to grow new plants.
    ...
    (Recomposition isn’t for everyone — some pathogens, like the bacteria that causes anthrax, are known to survive composting in animals, so recomposition’s safety will depend on excluding people with certain illnesses.)

    --
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoFiw2jMy-0 https://soylentnews.org/~MichaelDavidCrawford
    • (Score: 4, Insightful) by Anonymous Coward on Friday January 04 2019, @01:09PM (3 children)

      by Anonymous Coward on Friday January 04 2019, @01:09PM (#782011)

      Prions are much tougher than either bacteria or viruses. If anthrax can survive composting, it would be a doddle for a prion. It is strongly suspected that prions can remain infectious after standard hospital autoclaving.

      • (Score: 2) by JoeMerchant on Friday January 04 2019, @06:04PM (2 children)

        by JoeMerchant (3937) on Friday January 04 2019, @06:04PM (#782140)

        It is strongly suspected that prions can remain infectious after standard hospital autoclaving.

        Yes, but... will prions in the soil make their way back into the vertebrate animal foodchain before being digested / decomposed by fungi and other extreme chemical challenges?

        Killing it with fire isn't the only way to be sure.

        --
        🌻🌻 [google.com]
        • (Score: 2) by PinkyGigglebrain on Friday January 04 2019, @11:57PM (1 child)

          by PinkyGigglebrain (4458) on Friday January 04 2019, @11:57PM (#782313)

          Anthrax manages to do it. Bury a sheep killed by Anthrax and a few years later the Anthrax spores have worked their way back up to the surface ready to start the cycle anew thanks to Earth worms and various other denizens of the soil.

          If a Prion can survive an autoclave at 121C then there isn't really much in the soil that could threaten it.

          --
          "Beware those who would deny you Knowledge, For in their hearts they dream themselves your Master."
          • (Score: 2) by JoeMerchant on Saturday January 05 2019, @04:23AM

            by JoeMerchant (3937) on Saturday January 05 2019, @04:23AM (#782396)

            Anthrax is an evolved organism, prions are little more than chemicals - a chiral reversal of common proteins. Self replicating in a simpler way than viruses, dangerous like a slow fire, but not something with a lot of refinement and a multi-stage lifecycle like anthrax.

            They definitely deserve due care, but a big part of how they're a problem today is feeding the entire CNS of infected livestock to other livestock. Digestive juices deactivate most of them, but not all...

            --
            🌻🌻 [google.com]
    • (Score: 4, Informative) by exaeta on Friday January 04 2019, @04:57PM (6 children)

      by exaeta (6957) on Friday January 04 2019, @04:57PM (#782106) Homepage Journal
      The problem is twofold. First, prions generally aren't destroyed by cooking at 55C, and may or may not be destroyed by microbial processes. Because of the nature of prions, they wont be destroyed at 55C no matter how long you cook them. Putting infectious prions in soil is probably a bad idea. They are a lot more stable than viruses and have an effectively indefinite lifespan unless something destroys them. Whilst a living person with a prion infection isn't very contagious, the brain and spinal tissue is VERY contagious. Prions are considered so dangerous and hard to sanitize that after surgeons operate on patients infected with prions the tools are quarantined, permanently. The tools cannot be sterilized to a degree of sufficient confidence. Unlike bacteria or viruses, prions do not "die" over time, and last indefinitely until a chemical reaction destroys them. There are also no known prion infection cures, and all types known to infect humans are invariably fatal with 100% fatality rate. It also takes years for the prion infection to actually kill you, so we wont notice until a lot of people are dead. Somehow I think that chopping up brains and nervous system tissue that might be infected, and then growing plants in it, might be a bad idea. Especially if those plants are intended to produce food for human consumption.
      --
      The Government is a Bird
      • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday January 04 2019, @05:44PM (3 children)

        by Anonymous Coward on Friday January 04 2019, @05:44PM (#782130)

        It sounds as if the entire human population should have been destroyed by these indestructible prions a long time ago.

        Remember Cruetzfeld-Jacob rampaging through the UK? Supposed to happen by now. Anyone still alive over there?

        • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday January 04 2019, @10:06PM (2 children)

          by Anonymous Coward on Friday January 04 2019, @10:06PM (#782254)

          It sounds as if the entire human population should have been destroyed by these indestructible prions a long time ago [if this is true].

          The tradeoff of their design is that survive-ability is gained at the expense of spread-ability. If they evolve to spread more easily, they have to increase complexity, making them easier to destroy by natural and biological means. You pretty much have to eat a relatively large quantity of of them directly to get "infected".

          We probably consume a couple of prions every day, and those few get into our system and screw up a hundred or so cells over time. The body can absorb such damage.

          If they grew in complexity to toggle these trade-offs, essentially they'd be turning themselves into viruses or bacterium-like microbes.

          • (Score: 2) by exaeta on Friday January 04 2019, @10:27PM

            by exaeta (6957) on Friday January 04 2019, @10:27PM (#782264) Homepage Journal
            Prions don't evolve, actually, which is their main saving grace and why they haven't wiped out humanity.
            --
            The Government is a Bird
          • (Score: 3, Informative) by exaeta on Friday January 04 2019, @10:39PM

            by exaeta (6957) on Friday January 04 2019, @10:39PM (#782269) Homepage Journal
            To clarify. Prions don't contain DNA or other form of genetic code, therefore cannot mutate, and cannot evolve. A prion is basically an enzyme that converts a useful protein in the body into... itself. It's actually sort of a genetic defect of the host genome that allows a misfolded protein that can cause other proteins to misfold in the same way, setting off a chain reaction. When the protein is performing a life essential function, the prion will eventually convert all the normal form into the misfolded prion form which doesn't perform the purpose of the correctly folded form. Eventually the organism dies because there is a deficiency of the important protein, or the prion causes structural issues in the host. Unfortunately, the immune system can't readily identify prions since they are just misfolded variants of a critical protein. Nearly all antigen binding sites would be shared in common with the normal form. Because the immune system has no response to prions, a single one can cause an infection that kills you. We do not encounter them on a regular basis (we'd be dead).
            --
            The Government is a Bird
      • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday January 04 2019, @09:22PM (1 child)

        by Anonymous Coward on Friday January 04 2019, @09:22PM (#782240)

        So use human-compost to plant trees or non-edible plants, just like with most other waste products that can carry infectious material...

        • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday January 05 2019, @11:28AM

          by Anonymous Coward on Saturday January 05 2019, @11:28AM (#782472)

          How many humans will strictly follow warning like "do not use for edible plants" ?
          Also, pets do eat lawn grass and earthworms.

          Another consideration is, dead human body tends to be filled with medicines and other chemicals that survive composting and should not be released into the environment.