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UCI researchers identify a connection between early life adversity and opioid addiction:
[Note: UCI is the University of California, Irvine. --Ed.]
Published in Molecular Psychiatry, the study titled, "On the early life origins of vulnerability to opioid addiction," examines how early adversities interact with factors such as increased access to opioids to directly influence brain development and function, causing a higher potential for opioid addiction.
"We already know that genetics plays a major role in addiction vulnerability. But, this factor alone cannot account for the recent exponential rise in opioid abuse," said Tallie Z. Baram, MD, PhD, the Danette Shepard Chair in Neurological Sciences at the UCI School of Medicine and one of the senior researchers for the study. "Our team was determined to find out if environmental factors, like early life adversity, were contributing."
Until now, it was unclear whether alterations of the maturation and function of pleasure/reward circuits in the brain, resulting from ELA, actually caused individuals to be more vulnerable to opioid use disorder.
[...] For this study, researchers simulated ELA in rats by limiting bedding and nesting materials during a short, postnatal period of time. In female rats, this led to striking opioid addiction-like characteristics including an increased relapse-like behavior. Remarkably, as observed in addicted humans, the rats were willing to work very hard (pay a very high price) to obtain the drug.
"Our study provided novel insights into potential origins and nature of a reward circuit malfunction in the brain," said Baram. "Ultimately, we found that conditions during sensitive developmental periods can lead to vulnerability to the addictive effects of opioid drugs, especially in females, which is consistent with the prevalence of ELA in heroin addicted women."
Journal Reference:
Sophia C. Levis, Brandon S. Bentzley, Jenny Molet, Jessica L. Bolton, Christina R. Perrone, Tallie Z. Baram, Stephen V. Mahler. On the early life origins of vulnerability to opioid addiction. Molecular Psychiatry, 2019; DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0628-5
(Score: -1, Troll) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday January 28 2020, @09:08PM (3 children)
The Federal Reserve is a central bank, the fact that the federal government has ceded its constitutional authority to issue money to a non-government entity has nothing to do with whether or not it's a central bank.
You still haven't addressed how the government providing economic assurance to private players is compatible with a philosophy that emphasizes government non-intervention in the economy. You know that "invisible hand" Adam Smith kept talking about? Ponder for a second on what the word "invisible" means in this context.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday January 29 2020, @12:54AM
Not what you think it means, for starts. Smith wasn’t a bloody anarcho-capitalist nitwit.
(Score: 3, Interesting) by sjames on Wednesday January 29 2020, @09:48AM
Ponder that Smith cautioned against handing out corporate charters except in the most extreme circumstances and advised that then the crarter corporation be kept on a very short leash and held strictly to it's charter. Ponder also that he advised that markets would need significant regulation to keep them working.
(Score: 2) by FatPhil on Friday January 31 2020, @10:07AM
... something that I wasn't even attempting to address. Read my post and what it's a response to.
Stop attempting to drag me into an irrelevant argument of your own making, troll.
Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people; the smallest discuss themselves