Using a glass substrate instead of aluminum could allow 12 platters to be crammed into a 3.5" hard disk drive enclosure:
Even if many modern systems eschew classic hard drive storage designs in favor of solid state alternatives, there are still a number of companies working on improving the technology. One of those is Hoya, which is currently prototyping glass substrates for hard drive platters of the future which could enable the production of drives with as much as 20TB of storage space.
Hard drive platters are traditionally produced using aluminum substrates. While these substrates have enabled many modern advances in hard drive technology, glass substrates can be made with similar densities, but can be much thinner, leading to higher capacity storage drives. Hoya has already managed the creation of substrates as thin as 0.381mm, which is close to half the thickness of existing high-density drives.
In one cited example, an existing 12-terabyte drive from Western Digital was made up of eight platters. Hoya believes that by decreasing the thickness of the platters through its glass technology, it could fit as many as 12 inside a 3.5 inch hard drive casing. That would enable up to 18TB of storage space in a single drive (thanks Nikkei).
When that is blended with a technology known as "shingled magnetic recording," 20TB should be perfectly achievable.
Toshiba is reportedly planning to release a 14 TB helium-filled hard drive by the end of the year.
Also at Network World.
Related Stories
Seagate has launched three new 12 TB helium-filled hard disk drives containing eight perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) platters:
These are not the first 12TB drives in the market, as enterprise versions from both Seagate and Western Digital have been around for some time. However, Seagate is the first vendor to bring down the prices and ship 12TB drives in the consumer market.
From a hardware viewpoint, the three drives are similar to the Seagate Enterprise Capacity v7 drives launched in March 2017. All of them features eight PMR platters with a 923 Gb/in2 areal density in a sealed enclosure filled with helium. That said, the Barracuda Pro Compute, meant for desktop use, doesn't come with rotational vibration (RV) sensors or dual-plane motor balancing hardware. The RV sensors and the dual-plane balance / AgileArray features enable reliable performance in multi-drive enclosures. The other important differentiation aspects include firmware features, warranty / workload ratings, and value-added services like the Seagate Rescue Data Recovery.
Two of the drives come with 5 year warranties.
Previously: HGST Announces 10 Terabyte PMR Hard Drive
AnandTech Interview With Seagate's CTO: New HDD Technologies Coming
Seagate's 12 TB HDDs Are in Use, and 16 TB is Planned for 2018
Western Digital Begins Shipping 12 TB Helium-Filled Drives with 8 Platters
Seagate HAMR Hard Drives Coming in a Year and a Half
Glass Substrate Could Enable Hard Drives With 12 Platters
Western Digital is planning to use Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording (MAMR) instead of Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) to produce hard drives with capacities of up to 40 terabytes by 2025:
WD has selected MAMR (Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording) as its new HDD recording technology, which the company claims can enable up to 40TB HDDs by 2025. WD's rapid transition to MAMR is somewhat surprising, but the technology has been in development for nearly a decade. It certainly stands in contrast to Seagate's plans for using the laser-assisted HAMR (Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording) as the route to higher storage density.
The transition to the new recording process isn't immediate, but WD plans to have initial products shipping by 2019, and it had working demo models this week at its event in San Jose. The improved recording technology is needed to keep HDDs cost-competitive with the surging SSDs, but economics dictate that SSDs will never replace HDDs entirely, especially as the volume of data continues to grow exponentially; WD predicts that HDDs will account for ~90% of data center storage in 2020.
The technology announcement reportedly took the storage industry by surprise and MAMR doesn't have the same issues that have delayed HAMR:
WD pointed out that MAMR requires absolutely no external heating of the media that could lead to reliability issues. The temperature profiles of MAMR HDDs (both platters and drive temperature itself) are expected to be similar to those of the current generation HDDs. It was indicated that the MAMR drives would meet all current data center reliability requirements.
Based on the description of the operation of MAMR, it is a no-brainer that HAMR has no future in its current form. Almost all hard drive industry players have a lot more patents on HAMR compared to MAMR. It remains to be seen if the intellectual property created on the HAMR side is put to use elsewhere.
Will we have 100 TB by 2032?
Also at BBC, PetaPixel, and Engadget. WD Technology Brief.
Previously: AnandTech Interview With Seagate's CTO: New HDD Technologies Coming
Seagate HAMR Hard Drives Coming in a Year and a Half
Glass Substrate Could Enable Hard Drives With 12 Platters
Western Digital recently announced plans to use Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording (MAMR) to build its next generation of hard disk drives instead of Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR). WD promised that initial drives will ship in 2019, with 40 terabyte drives available by 2025.
In response, Seagate has reiterated its plans to produce HAMR hard disk drives in the near future. The company says that its first HAMR drives will ship around 2018-2019 (40,000 have already been built and are being tested by leading customers), at capacities of 16 TB or more. From there, Seagate expects to develop drives storing around 50 TB "early next decade", and eventually drives with capacities of up to 100 TB by combining HAMR with bit-patterned media and two-dimensional magnetic recording (PDF):
HDD technology has become somewhat boring. Innovation has slowed, but that's largely because we've reached the limits of PMR (Perpendicular Magnetic Recording), which is the key underlying HDD recording technology. Over the last two years, we've seen a few interesting new technologies that let us cram more bits into the same old 3.5" HDD, such as SMR (Shingled Magnetic Recording). Unfortunately, the new tech comes with slower performance and often requires radical system changes if you want to unlock the full performance. That isn't worth the small capacity improvement unless you're deploying tens of thousands of HDDs.
[...] WD's MAMR relies largely upon proven technologies, which is a plus, but Seagate claimed that it's already producing the more exotic HAMR drives on the same production lines as its existing PMR-based drives. It also said that it has already built a strong supply chain for the new materials.
Both WD and Seagate have solid arguments for their chosen technologies, but the market will determine the winner. Both technologies will undoubtedly provide similar characteristics to today's HDDs, such as endurance, reliability, performance, and power specifications, so cost will be the true differentiator. As always, cheap and good enough will win. The HDD industry settled on PMR recording in 2005, and all three big vendors continue to use the same underlying technology. The move to two different technologies should make for a more exciting HDD future. Seagate plans to provide an update on its progress in early 2018.
Previously: AnandTech Interview With Seagate's CTO: New HDD Technologies Coming
Seagate HAMR Hard Drives Coming in a Year and a Half
Glass Substrate Could Enable Hard Drives With 12 Platters
Toshiba is sampling a 9-platter, 14 terabyte hard disk drive that uses "conventional magnetic recording", aka the traditional perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) with no shingling:
The new series comes with both 14TB and 12TB disks that wield nine and eight platters, respectively. Toshiba also becomes the only company with a nine-platter drive with 18 heads. Each platter packs 1.56TB of data storage.
Competing HDD vendors (WD and Seagate) have used helium designs for several years, so Toshiba has largely been considered late to adopting a helium design. Toshiba fills the 3.5" drives with helium instead of air and uses a laser sealing process to contain the gas. The helium reduces internal air turbulence from the spinning disk. In turn, it reduces vibration and provides power, performance, and reliability advantages. It also allows the company to use thinner platters, which facilitates the additional ninth platter.
While Toshiba may be the last HDD vendor to market with a helium HDD, the company did it in style. The MG078ACA, which carries a tongue-twisting name because it is destined for the data center, currently weighs in as the densest HDD on the market using conventional recording techniques. That represents a 40% increase in density over Toshiba's previous-gen 10TB models.
[...] Toshiba currently has 24% of the HDD market share according to Coughlin and Associates, which comes in third to Seagate (36%) and Western Digital (40%). The company has been surprisingly resilient and has clawed back market share over the last year. The addition of a class-leading 14TB model should help it gain even more market share over the coming year.
Both drives have a 5 year warranty.
1.8 TB 9th-generation PMR platters are possible and could be used in a 16 TB Toshiba HDD late next year. Will we see 2 TB per platter without the use of HAMR/MAMR or shingles? Combine that with 12 platters (using a glass substrate), and suddenly you can have a 24 TB HDD.
Also at AnandTech. Previous article.
Previously: Western Digital Announces 12-14 TB Hard Drives and an 8 TB SSD
Seagate's 12 TB HDDs Are in Use, and 16 TB is Planned for 2018
Glass Substrate Could Enable Hard Drives With 12 Platters
Seagate Launches Consumer-Oriented 12 TB Drives
Western Digital to Use Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording to Produce 40 TB HDDs by 2025
Western Digital Shipping 14 TB Helium-Filled Shingled Magnetic Recording Hard Drives
Seagate to Stay the Course With HAMR HDDs, Plans 20 TB by 2020, ~50 TB Before 2025
HOYA Starts to Build Next-Gen HDD Glass Substrate Production Facility
HOYA Corp., an optical glass maker from Japan, announced this week that it had started construction of its new production facility for hard drive platter glass substrates. These substrates could be used to make conventional 2.5-inch HDD platters as well as next-generation platters for hard drives that use energy-assisted magnetic recording technologies (HAMR, MAMR).
The manufacturing facility will cost HOYA around ¥30 billion ($270.5 million) and will start production at the beginning of 2020, according to a media report. Located in the Saysettha Development Zone (SDZ) in Laos, the factory will be HOYA's third plant that produces glass substrates for hard drives. Being the newest one, the facility will use the latest manufacturing equipment and technologies, so it will be ready to make the most advanced substrates that will then be used by makers of platters (e.g., Seagate, Showa Denko, Western Digital) to manufacture next-gen HDD media. HOYA's other substrate manufacturing capacities are located in Thailand, and Vietnam.
Nowadays glass substrates for HDD platters are mainly used to make media for 2.5-inch hard drives for laptops and datacenters. As sales of 2.5-inch HDDs for notebooks are dropping because of cheaper SSDs, demand for these platters and substrates is decreasing as well. In the meantime, the use of glass substrates and platters in 3.5-inch drives is gaining traction as makers of datacenter HDDs start to use them both for existing and next-gen hard drives that use energy-assisted recording technologies. Glass substrates have a number of advantages when compared to aluminum substrates: they are thinner, lighter, more rigid, they expand less than aluminum when heated, and they may be made flatter. In the end, they are [preferable] for next-gen high-capacity HDDs.
Previously: Glass Substrate Could Enable Hard Drives With 12 Platters
(Score: 3, Interesting) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 13 2017, @06:38PM (16 children)
I guess officially it was the DeskStar or something like that.
It had glass platters. It worked great, until suddenly it didn't. Opening a dead drive would reveal clear glass platters and lots of dust. It seems that cascading failure would cause the entire surface layer to come free from the platters. A bit of the surface comes free, and then more, and before long there is NO coating left at all. It was sudden and dramatic.
Coatings don't stick well to glass.
(Score: 5, Interesting) by edIII on Wednesday September 13 2017, @06:51PM (13 children)
I now have the same experience with SSDs. Had a server crap out because there were no more writes left in the SSD. Completely exhausted the poor thing, and Linux didn't react well to the sudden read-only nature of its storage. Since most of the servers were provisioned at the same time.....
Not fun.
For servers I now prefer spinning disk since SSDs are really not an option anymore. At least for the OS. Virtualization can mitigate that with live migration and high availability, but that doesn't apply to embedded and bare metal systems. Looking into memory disk solutions to bootstrap the OS from spinning disk into memory and push data every so often to the spinning disk for backup. When spinning disks are not around anymore, I'll do it from SSD to memory instead. Either that or the buddy system (Raid 1).
What I won't do is trust that an SSD can last forever in a server, or even as long as a spinning disk. That, and FFS, started monitoring the SMART statuses for how much life is left in them. Even Wile E Coyote and Daffy Duck had more graceful failures than SSDs do.
We keep hearing about new tech to vastly increase the number of writes, and with NVME, you need it.
Technically, lunchtime is at any moment. It's just a wave function.
(Score: 3, Interesting) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 13 2017, @11:38PM (1 child)
The good ones go read-only when they are spent. You can get your data off. (AFAIK, this is Intel's policy) Most SSDs are not good...
The bad ones just lock up. At boot, the BIOS won't even see the drive.
The really bad ones silently change your data.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 14 2017, @04:21AM
I see you've heard of OCZ.
(Score: 2) by coolgopher on Thursday September 14 2017, @04:09AM (3 children)
With embedded you should be running your OS with a read-only root, and have carefully dimensioned your storage writes to last the intended life time of the device. And, you know, fail gracefully when you inevitably run out of writes ahead of time :)
(Score: 2) by edIII on Thursday September 14 2017, @05:24AM (2 children)
Yes. Hindsight is 20/20. :)
I'm doing so few writes to disk now that the lifetime is suitable.
How? I can make my code do that, but my impression was that there was a deeper problem in the operating system and a little corruption. Grace failure was handled by redundant devices, but when they go within hours of each other...
I'm not an expert at the underlying system, so any suggestions are welcome. I also got the impression from the other poster that SSDs can fail in different ways, some of them I can't handle gracefully :)
Technically, lunchtime is at any moment. It's just a wave function.
(Score: 2) by coolgopher on Thursday September 14 2017, @06:13AM (1 child)
Barring the SSD going bonkers on you, if you mount your storage partition with the appropriate options to remount-readonly on error, you can have a watch for that happening and raise whatever type alarm is applicable. In the meanwhile, your other apps will get EPERM or some such when they're trying to write, and as long as they can handle that sanely, you should at least be able to get a message back to base to say "hey, this unit is just about dead, come fix me!".
(Score: 2) by edIII on Thursday September 14 2017, @08:53PM
Thanks for the suggestions :)
Technically, lunchtime is at any moment. It's just a wave function.
(Score: 2) by TheRaven on Thursday September 14 2017, @07:43AM (6 children)
It's been about five years since the average SSD lifetime passed the average spinning rust disk lifetime. Hard disks also fail catastrophically losing all of the data. Get a tiny bit of dust under the head and you can completely destroy all of the data on the disk in a few minutes as the head scrapes across the platter. There are a lot of other failure modes. If you've not encountered these in the wild then you're either responsible for a very small number of machines with hard drives or you're very, very lucky.
sudo mod me up
(Score: 2) by takyon on Thursday September 14 2017, @07:44AM (1 child)
Buy the new helium-filled hard drives. I'd like to see dust try and get in there.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 2) by TheRaven on Thursday September 14 2017, @09:02AM
sudo mod me up
(Score: 2) by edIII on Thursday September 14 2017, @08:52PM (3 children)
Come now, you don't need to unduly denigrate me, and I've experienced quite a few other failure modes. SSD is a bit different. As for experience, I've had spinning drives operating 10 years or more before failure, and some enterprise expensive drives win the fucking lottery for MTBF and die early and spectacularly. One recovery engineer once described the surface of the hard disk as Apocalypse Now. So much for enterprise quality.
Lifetime with SSD is pretty much irrelevant. It's all about disk writes, and that is the problem with SSD. With a hard drive it is only *possible* that it will fail within 5-10 years. With an SSD it is as certain as death and taxes that it will eventually die. In fact, it's much like a human in that there are only so many beats of the heart, only so many breaths.....
What bothers me about SSD is that all it could take is a malicious program (or just an unthinking sysadmin) eating up writes over a few months and your device lifetime just took a dump. All of my SSDs are now monitored for SMART status and writes left. I use the standard of deviation to attempt to predict how much life is left in the drives. Looking forward to new generations of SSD that vastly increase the number of writes possible. At that point, I won't be as worried about creating a database server on one. It's worth noting that even with RAID 1 that both of the SSDs suffer from the malicious writes at the same time, and both will die within a short time period together.
Technically, lunchtime is at any moment. It's just a wave function.
(Score: 2) by TheRaven on Friday September 15 2017, @09:17AM (2 children)
That's not really likely. Consider a device that has 1,000 rewrite cycles per cell (pretty low for modern devices). You have 1TB of space. If you assume perfect wear levelling (for a minute) then that gives you 1,000TB of writes. If you can do 300MB/s of writes, then it takes about six years of sustained writes at the drive's maximum write speed to wear out the cells. In practice, you can't do this, because once you've written 1TB (even deleting and using TRIM) the garbage collector will be running slower than the writes and this will cause back pressure on the interface. If your device is 2TB, then the lifetime with the same number of rewrites per cell doubles.
Now, the assumption that wear levelling is perfect is wrong, but modern controllers give about 80-90% of the equivalent, so we're still talking a good 3-4 years of solid sustained writes for the cells to wear out and the lifetime scales almost linearly with the capacity - double the capacity and it will take twice as long to write each cell.
It's not like the old SSDs that did little or no wear levelling, where writing a single block repeatedly could kill that block and you'd need the filesystem to work around that.
It's also worth noting that the death is not guaranteed, it's probabilistic for each cell. Over a RAID-1 pair, it's actually quite unlikely that they'll die at exactly the same time, because that requires them to run out of spare cells to remap at the same time, which relies on a bunch of quantum effects happening at exactly the same rate for both drives. That can happen, but it's not nearly as likely as you suggest. There's also often some (deliberate) nondeterminism in the remapping, so the exact pattern of writes won't actually be the same, even in a RAID-1 pair.
sudo mod me up
(Score: 2) by edIII on Friday September 15 2017, @07:37PM (1 child)
I like your points, but we are not talking 1TB. The costs are still way to high. Try 64GB (most common in production), 128GB, or maybe 256GB (Although, I don't know of a single one in production). There were a huge number of writes going on, some logging left on verbose from development. Failure was not over a couple of months, and that was perhaps a bit exaggerated my worry about malicious use. I experienced failure within 18 months, but the drive had been in production for maybe a year before that. Since I wasn't the sysadmin that put any of them together, it never occurred to me to worry about the SSD and how many writes were occurring. I just said thank you and moved on to provisioning it further for services :)
Working on some 1TB NVME's right now. You're correct, I'm less worried about those. Even more so since they are RAID-1. I did not know it was probabilistic. Thanks for pointing that out.
Yeah, well like I said, the MTBF lottery winner right here :) Six enterprise expensive-ass SAS drives all failed simultaneously within 2.5 years of being put into production. Every. Single. Drive. Major surface damage according to Drive Savers. So... after that little experience I tend to view MTBF a bit more cynically.
Thank you for your post. I do actually feel better about it.
Technically, lunchtime is at any moment. It's just a wave function.
(Score: 2) by TheRaven on Monday September 18 2017, @09:55AM
My 4-year-old laptop has a 1TB SSD and most of our build machines typically have 512GB SSDs that are used with ZFS as log and cache devices for RAID-1 disks (stuff rarely needs reading from the disks, because the SSDs are large enough for the working set). 64GB is a really odd place for the cost-benefit calculation to win. I'm not even sure where you'd buy them anymore. A quick look shows 128GB SSDs costing around £50, with 256GB costing around 50% more, 512GB around double that, and 1TB around 60% more than that, so 1TB comes pretty close to the sweet spot. That said, you don't buy SSDs at all if capacity is your bottleneck, you buy them if IOPS is your bottleneck and in that case the 1TB drives are very cheap in comparison to anything else on the market (and NVMe is even cheaper).
sudo mod me up
(Score: 2) by Reziac on Thursday September 14 2017, @02:10AM
I hadn't heard about that particular fail (but I never bought IBM HDs so didn't pay close attention) but I knew someone who had one fail, opened it up, and found the platter broken in half. Not dropped or shocked -- this was just from normal operation in a desktop case.
And there is no Alkibiades to come back and save us from ourselves.
(Score: 2, Interesting) by nwf on Saturday September 16 2017, @01:23AM
HP used to make hard drives with glass platters. We never had one fail like that. I took apart dozens of them to sanitize the data, and none had any obvious problems. They seemed quite reliable. These were like 36 GB (maybe less, hard to recall.) We just dumped the last batch we had, in fact.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 13 2017, @06:40PM (18 children)
Wouldn't it make hard drives even more brittle therefore more vulnerable to shocks?
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 13 2017, @06:44PM (16 children)
These will never survive mail order from NewEgg.
Does any anyone still buy from them? (Curious)
(Score: 2) by takyon on Wednesday September 13 2017, @06:48PM (13 children)
The article speculates that these would be primarily used by data centers.
... so you would have to use neweggbusiness.com instead heheh.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 2) by Reziac on Thursday September 14 2017, @02:17AM (12 children)
Yeah, just like those multi-terabyte HDs are all being used by datacenters right now!
And there is no Alkibiades to come back and save us from ourselves.
(Score: 2) by takyon on Thursday September 14 2017, @02:33AM (11 children)
I don't know what you're getting at, but the primary customers for today's helium-filled 10-12 TB (and soon 14 TB) hard disk drives are data centers. And they are priced accordingly.
http://www.anandtech.com/show/9955/seagate-unveils-10-tb-heliumfilled-hard-disk-drive [anandtech.com]
https://www.wdc.com/about-wd/newsroom/press-room/2016-12-06-western-digital-introduces-advanced-devices-to-manage-evolving-data-center-application-demands.html [wdc.com]
If you are trying to make a point about NAND/SSDs, it's still too early for most to switch to all SSDs. Cheap and dense QLC 3D NAND could help change that, but there is still a place for spinning rust right now.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 2) by Reziac on Thursday September 14 2017, @02:38AM (4 children)
No; referring to all the mutli-TB drives suddenly on the consumer market. I remember when they were all "datacenter drives" too.
And there is no Alkibiades to come back and save us from ourselves.
(Score: 2) by takyon on Thursday September 14 2017, @02:47AM (3 children)
I'll be really impressed when I see a helium-filled consumer HDD. I don't think there has been a helium-filled drive intended (and priced) for consumers to date, but it's entirely possible that we will see that (helium allows you to increase platter density/count).
AFAIK all of the capacity points above 8 TB are paired with helium.
With WD, Seagate, and what's left of Toshiba all offering helium-filled drives, one of them should be able to make the jump to consumers. And I think some consumers would buy it.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 2) by Reziac on Thursday September 14 2017, @04:45AM (2 children)
I just saw a 10TB offered ... ah, hell, I don't remember which retailer but one of the consumer outlets. I rather doubt consumer and enterprise are different under the hood, at that level.
And my first thought was... considering the *gasp* price of tape libraries, how exactly are we supposed to back up that much data without growing our own server farms??
And there is no Alkibiades to come back and save us from ourselves.
(Score: 3, Informative) by takyon on Thursday September 14 2017, @05:01AM (1 child)
Ok, there is this 10 TB HDD [pcworld.com] with no helium.
And there is this helium-filled lineup [anandtech.com]. I guess you could call them consumer drives, but they are certainly pricey.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 2) by Reziac on Thursday September 14 2017, @05:38AM
Yeah, I won't be running out to buy them this week, and probably not next week either!
And there is no Alkibiades to come back and save us from ourselves.
(Score: 2) by Azuma Hazuki on Thursday September 14 2017, @03:55AM (5 children)
I don't trust QLC as far as I can throw it until there's some good, repeatable benchmarks out there for the stuff. Bear in mind for nLC SSDs there are 2^n values each cell has to store.
I am "that girl" your mother warned you about...
(Score: 2) by takyon on Thursday September 14 2017, @04:43AM (3 children)
If it doesn't reach a certain level of endurance, it simply won't be adopted by enterprise customers. They are going to be the first ones to get their hands on QLC NAND, not you. And they have more demanding workloads (full drive writes) than typical consumers. Facebook is particularly thirsty for QLC NAND [tomshardware.com] (alt [techtarget.com], note: "We asked for QLC flash a few years ago, and we ask for it again").
Toshiba has suggested that QLC could have a similar endurance to TLC [soylentnews.org]. A full 1,000 write cycles instead of the 100 write cycles that had been predicted. That sounds unbelievable, but then again we've heard of labs working on methods to try to get endurance something like a million times better [ieee.org]. Or maybe the endurance problem doesn't scale exponentially like the 2^n states do, and 1,000 write cycle QLC is believable.
If you meant speed, most consumer PCs don't really need super high transfer speeds beyond 500 MB/s. It was the increased random IOPs that really made the difference for people switching from HDDs to SSDs. Even a crappy SSD should be able to do 2-3 orders of magnitude better than an HDD on random IOPS.
There are also tricks to make the QLC SSD perform better, especially in consumer or enthusiast drives meant to hit higher speeds/IOPs. For example, QLC could emulate SLC/MLC (using 4-8 of 16 states to pretend to be 1-2 bits per cell). Or you can include SLC/MLC as a cache, DRAM as a cache, Intel 3D XPoint as a cache, etc. You can do extreme overprovisioning to help boost speed and endurance since QLC drives are going to have high capacities.
When QLC SSDs do hit the consumer market, review sites will be all over them on day 1 if not before. So unless you preordered your SSD, you should at least have an idea of what you are getting.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 2) by Azuma Hazuki on Thursday September 14 2017, @05:11AM (2 children)
Where *is* 3D XPoint, by the way? I remember them wittering on about how it was going to eat SSDs alive, but all that's out there isn't even bootable. Just some Optane cards that are basically the SSD portion of "hybrid" SSHDs on massive amounts of 'roids.
When they can make a 10 TB hunk of 3D XPoint at a reasonable (well, reasonable by datacenter standards...) pricing, *then* we'll see some fireworks.
I am "that girl" your mother warned you about...
(Score: 3, Informative) by takyon on Thursday September 14 2017, @05:46AM (1 child)
3D XPoint [wikipedia.org] a post-NAND technology [theregister.co.uk] (also referred to as storage class memory [tomshardware.com]) along the lines of Crossbar's RRAM or HP's Memristors. It occupies a memory/storage tier in between DRAM and NAND. It is denser than DRAM, cheaper than DRAM, slower than DRAM, and non-volatile unlike DRAM. It is less dense than NAND, more expensive than NAND, and anywhere from somewhat faster than NAND to order(s) of magnitude faster, highly dependent on the type of workload. This article explains it pretty well [arstechnica.com].
Now you have had several companies working on post-NAND for years. Crossbar [wikipedia.org] has been hyping [theregister.co.uk] their shit for years. They have promised all around better specs than NAND and the ability to store multiple terabytes in a postage stamp-like form factor [theregister.co.uk].
So Crossbar, HP, Micron, IBM, Crocus Technology, Unity Semiconductor, Samsung, Toshiba, Spin Transfer Technologies, and other companies have all FAILED to get a legitimate post-NAND technology onto the market outside of some megabyte-sized cache products. Intel comes along with their concept and has apparently rushed it to market (although it has been delayed somewhat). It's in the post-NAND category, but it's not a true replacement for NAND since it doesn't try to compete with NAND on capacity/density and cost per bit. Intel is definitely not giving us terabytes of this stuff in postage stamp size anytime soon.
I will say this much for XPoint. They have 16 and 32 GB modules at reasonable prices [soylentnews.org]. They can be bought today - the 32 GB one is around $75-$80. So if your motherboard happens to have an M.2 slot, and you wanted to try this out as a kind of non-volatile boot drive, it would seem like you can do it fairly cheaply. Here are benchmarks [legitreviews.com]. DRAM prices have increased in the last 2 quarters, btw.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 2) by Azuma Hazuki on Thursday September 14 2017, @04:11PM
LOL, riiiight after posting my last post I went "hmm, maybe I should Google this..." and found all that information. It's odd how the 16 and 32GB devices have worse sequential write than an NVMe NAND SSD, but the read speed looks good. And the 4K, low-queue-depth reads especially. I have only a 20GB root partition, so this would be viable for a Linux boot drive.
I am "that girl" your mother warned you about...
(Score: 2) by takyon on Thursday September 14 2017, @04:57AM
About the consumer drives, capacity/$ and higher capacity is the draw rather than speed. I think 20-30% reduction in cost per bit has been typical for each new generation of 3D NAND. I don't know if anybody has estimated a % for the first upcoming QLC SSD products yet. Obviously, you get 33% more capacity over the equivalent TLC NAND, but that could be offset somewhat by higher manufacturing costs.
Speculation: What if a move to QLC (or 8 bits-per-cell [theregister.co.uk] in the future) results in a slight performance boost simply from making cells more similar to bytes? In QLC, 1 byte is stored in 2 cells. For TLC... it's 2 and 2/3 cells?
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 2) by takyon on Wednesday September 13 2017, @07:03PM
As to your question, I haven't bought from Newegg in the last year but I have had pretty good experiences with it. Rather than searching on their site, I would check SlickDeals [slickdeals.net] first.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 2, Interesting) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 13 2017, @07:14PM
Microcenter's price is competitive with all the online shops, or better when on sale. If there is one near you, you can go and pick it up right away. Also, if you run into defective units, replacement is quick and easy.
(Score: 2) by DannyB on Wednesday September 13 2017, @08:54PM
A solution: instead of building 12 platters into a hard drive, build 12 platters into an SSD.
Also find a way to make the SSD not induce vibration into the computer's case.
To transfer files: right-click on file, pick Copy. Unplug mouse, plug mouse into other computer. Right-click, paste.
(Score: 5, Funny) by bob_super on Wednesday September 13 2017, @06:41PM (1 child)
- Apple releases Crystal Hard Drive, $5000/GB
- Audiophiles fight for a decade to know whether those glass drives enable better sound quality
- Geeks try to make actual music by shaving the drive platters and moistening the drive heads
- web commenters finally try to find a replacement for "spinning rust", despite Al having been the material for all those years.
- Pedants and trolls still argue that the old tech was Aluminium anyway!
(Score: 2, Informative) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 13 2017, @09:23PM
"Rust" doesn't refer to the substrate, but to the coating of iron oxide [wikimedia.org] that was formerly used.
The Toshiba MK-1122FC [computerhistory.org] had a glass substrate. It began shipping in 1991 (same year the Web started).
(Score: 2, Disagree) by fnj on Wednesday September 13 2017, @07:02PM (4 children)
So fucking what? Yawn. We don't need a 1.5x improvement in density. We need 10x or 100x. Wake me up when you come up with something worth more than a picosecond flicker of mild interest.
And can you IMAGINE how freakin fragile this thing full of glass would be?
(Score: 2) by takyon on Wednesday September 13 2017, @07:05PM
Never ever ever ever ever ever ever shake a baby.
Or a hard drive?
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 2, Informative) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 13 2017, @07:39PM (1 child)
Um, you realize the 2.5 HDD in your laptop has glass platters, right?
(Score: 1) by nwf on Saturday September 16 2017, @01:26AM
Some may be, but most of the ones I've taken apart are aluminum or something similar. Old 3.5 ones were sometimes glass, but even that was rare.
(Score: 2, Insightful) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 13 2017, @08:07PM
That attitude is like saying you won't take a 50% pay increase because you're going to get rich by winning the lottery instead.
(Score: 3, Funny) by inertnet on Wednesday September 13 2017, @07:57PM (8 children)
With every glass I lose more memory.
(Score: 2) by DannyB on Wednesday September 13 2017, @08:56PM (3 children)
Memory upgrades are reasonably inexpensive. And it's easy to have 32 GB or 64 GB these days, without losing much of it.
To transfer files: right-click on file, pick Copy. Unplug mouse, plug mouse into other computer. Right-click, paste.
(Score: 1) by Pax on Wednesday September 13 2017, @10:02PM (2 children)
where have you been? RAM prices have risen sharly.. last year i was able to get 32GB for about 130 for cheap shit to the £146.97 GBP Corsair Vengence 3000Mhx blue LED(on offer) I got..NOT any more pal the 16GB kit is http://www.ebuyer.com/766191-corsair-vengeance-blue-led-16gb-ddr4-3000mhz-memory-kit-cmu16gx4m2c3000c15b-cmu16gx4m2c3000c15b [ebuyer.com] 173.99GBP
32 gig kits of other colours are 298.99 to 309.99 GBP clicky [ebuyer.com]
even taking into account the 40 GBP off I got that's quite a price hike over the past year
(Score: 4, Informative) by takyon on Wednesday September 13 2017, @10:14PM
Here's some sources in case somebody doesn't believe you:
https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/05/18/dram_bonanza_for_top_three_suppliers/ [theregister.co.uk]
http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1331796 [eetimes.com]
https://epsnews.com/2017/08/18/dram-prices-continue-climb/ [epsnews.com]
http://www.anandtech.com/show/11724/samsung-sk-hynix-graphics-memory-prices-increase-over-30-percent [anandtech.com]
http://www.dramexchange.com/ [dramexchange.com]
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 2) by DannyB on Thursday September 14 2017, @04:27PM
I guess I think of cheap in a different way.
If adding 32 GB of additional memory for about $300 gets me to market six months ahead of my competitor, it's cheap. Same with throwing more and more cpu cores at it. It's cheap.
That, and the fact that it's not my $300 I'm spending when asking for such an upgrade.
To transfer files: right-click on file, pick Copy. Unplug mouse, plug mouse into other computer. Right-click, paste.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 13 2017, @09:00PM
*hic* just one more
(Score: 2) by c0lo on Wednesday September 13 2017, @10:58PM (2 children)
That's not the glasses' fault, it is caused but what you pour in the glass.
Anyway, resorting to the use of filled glasses is indicative you want to escape from some (possibly traumatic) memories - so I'd say it works as intended.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoFiw2jMy-0 https://soylentnews.org/~MichaelDavidCrawford
(Score: 3, Funny) by Azuma Hazuki on Thursday September 14 2017, @03:57AM (1 child)
You could say he's getting row-hammered? :D
I am "that girl" your mother warned you about...
(Score: 3, Funny) by c0lo on Thursday September 14 2017, @04:58AM
Yeah, to the point on which he became inert.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoFiw2jMy-0 https://soylentnews.org/~MichaelDavidCrawford
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 13 2017, @08:30PM
Some drives have ceramic platters [youtube.com].
(Score: 2) by FatPhil on Wednesday September 13 2017, @08:51PM (5 children)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DysanRemovableDiskPack.agr.jpg
Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people; the smallest discuss themselves
(Score: 2) by takyon on Wednesday September 13 2017, @09:01PM (4 children)
Tempted to throw 3.5" in the headline.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 13 2017, @09:27PM (3 children)
Is there enough space for it?
(Score: 2) by takyon on Wednesday September 13 2017, @09:30PM (2 children)
We've switched to glass headlines, but they shatter as soon as someone complains.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 1, Informative) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 14 2017, @12:21AM (1 child)
> We've switched to glass headlines, but they shatter as soon as someone complains.
We all know who it is. *shakes fist at wonkey_monkey
(Score: 2) by maxwell demon on Thursday September 14 2017, @06:09AM
I see, it's your fault: The glass shatters from your fist.
The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
(Score: 2) by Snotnose on Wednesday September 13 2017, @10:16PM (2 children)
Every year I got a new lunchbox with a thermos. The thermos was a glass bottle in a metallic tube. Every year that glass broke within a month, no matter how careful I was with it. This was the 60s, I'm old enough to wish I'd kept all my old lunchboxes so I could get rich on Pawn Stars.
Losing the ability to keep cold things cold til lunch is one thing, but losing terabytes of data cuz who the hell knows, ya, I'll be staying away from these things.
My ducks are not in a row. I don't know where some of them are, and I'm pretty sure one of them is a turkey.
(Score: 2) by c0lo on Wednesday September 13 2017, @11:09PM
Who would have thought? 50 years later we have flexible Gorilla glass [youtu.be]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoFiw2jMy-0 https://soylentnews.org/~MichaelDavidCrawford
(Score: 1) by nwf on Saturday September 16 2017, @01:28AM
Maybe you got cheap ones. I still have some from the 70s that are just fine. The plastic on the outsize has yelled, but they are otherwise fine.
(Score: 2) by epitaxial on Thursday September 14 2017, @02:04AM (3 children)
The price per gigabyte has been flat for years now. I need more space but 8TB drives are finally coming in at under $200. I'm not buying any Seagate garbage either, the extra money for HGST is worth it.
(Score: 3, Interesting) by Reziac on Thursday September 14 2017, @02:22AM
Gee, I can't imagine why...
https://www.backblaze.com/blog/hard-drive-failure-stats-q2-2017/ [backblaze.com]
And there is no Alkibiades to come back and save us from ourselves.
(Score: 2) by takyon on Thursday September 14 2017, @03:13AM (1 child)
Looks like 8 TB has dropped down to $160-170 several times (both Seagate and WD/HGST):
https://slickdeals.net/newsearch.php?src=SearchBarV2&q=8tb&searcharea=deals&searchin=first [slickdeals.net]
The price per GB (or TB) has been incredibly flat compared to previous decades. 2 cents per GB if we go by $160/8TB. I believe it was about 3.5 cents per GB ($70/2TB) before the Thai floods, 3 cents per GB ($100/3TB) around 2013 or so, and 2.5 cents per GB ($100/4TB or $200/8TB) around 2015 or so. Those are consumer sale prices rather than whatever Backblaze [backblaze.com] was paying.
The longer it takes for HAMR or bit-patterned media or other HDD advances to be deployed, the more likely it will be for SSDs to destroy HDDs. And it will happen without much fuss since both Western Digital and Seagate have diversified into SSDs with big acquisitions. We might get a bad situation where consumer/enterprise HDD development grinds to a complete halt several years before NAND actually reaches the same $/TB. Meaning people like you who need bulk data storage will be SOL.
I want to believe in a world where we pay 1 cent or less per GB ($100 for 10 TB). We won't get there without the long-delayed HAMR [wikipedia.org]-ing.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 1, Interesting) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 14 2017, @03:45AM
> I want to believe in a world where we pay 1 cent or less per GB ($100 for 10 TB).
History lesson -- a college friend started a small company, must have been late 1970s. He bought DRAM from Intel in modest quantities and resold it in small quantities to early computer hobbyists. The name of the company was Centabyte -- he was selling DRAM for $0.01 per byte (8 bits, no error correcting), and that was a very good price at the time. His competition might have been surplus/obsolete core memory found at computer junk shops.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 14 2017, @03:16AM
The glass they are experimenting with is 0.015 inches thick, "15 thou" to a machinist. And it's in a 3.5" drive, already in "inch dimensions". I hate conversions that give the dimension more precision than actually exists -- the mm dimension makes it look like the glass thickness is controlled to something on the order of 0.001mm, which probably isn't necessary in this application (and may add a lot of cost if it was ever specified).
Ref. from tfa,
> Hoya has already managed the creation of substrates as thin as 0.381mm, which is close to half the thickness of existing high-density drives.