Electrical brain stimulation may help reduce violent crime in future – study
It could be a shocking way to treat future criminals. Scientists have found that a session of electrical brain stimulation can reduce people's intentions to commit assaults, and raise their moral awareness.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania and the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore explored the potential for brain stimulation to combat crime after noting that impairment in a part of the brain called the prefrontal cortex has been linked to violent acts.
They recruited 86 healthy adults and gave half of them 20 minutes of brain stimulation before asking the whole group to read two hypothetical scenarios, one describing a physical assault, the other a sexual assault. Immediately afterwards, the participants were asked to rate the likelihood that they might behave as the protagonist had in the stories.
For those who had their brains zapped, the expressed likelihood of carrying out the physical and sexual assaults was 47% and 70% lower respectively than those who did not have brain stimulation. In the first scenario, Chris smashes a bottle over Joe's head for chatting up his girlfriend, and in the second, a night of intimate foreplay leads to date rape.
[...] Using a procedure called transcranial direct current stimulation, or tDCS, [Prof. Olivia] Choy and her colleagues Adrian Raine and Roy Hamilton at the University of Pennsylvania, delivered a 2 milliAmp current to the prefrontal cortex of volunteers to boost the region's activity.
Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Intentions to Commit Aggression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Stratified, Parallel-Group Trial (DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3317-17.2018) (DX)
Related: How Brain Implants (and Other Technology) Could Make the Death Penalty Obsolete
Study Uses Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Improve Piloting Abilities
Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Could Speed Learning by 40%
Stanford Scientists Use Electric Jolts to Prevent Impulsive Behavior
Washington State Fusion Center Accidentally Releases Records on Remote Mind Control
Related Stories
The death penalty is one of America's most contentious issues. Critics complain that capital punishment is inhumane, pointing out how some executions have failed to quickly kill criminals (and instead tortured them). Supporters of the death penalty fire back saying capital punishment deters violent crime in society and serves justice to wronged victims. Complicating the matter is that political, ethnic, and religious lines don't easily distinguish death penalty advocates from its critics. In fact, only 31 states even allow capital punishment, so America is largely divided on the issue.
Regardless of the debate, technology will change the entire conversation in the next 10 to 20 years, rendering many of the most potent issues obsolete. For example, it's likely we will have cranial implants in two decades time that will be able to send signals to our brains that manipulate our behaviors. Those implants will be able to control out-of-control tempers and violent actions—and maybe even unsavory thoughts. This type of tech raises the obvious question: Instead of killing someone who has committed a terrible crime, should we instead alter their brain and the way it functions to make them a better person?
Recently, the commercially available Thync device made headlines for being able to alter our moods. Additionally, nearly a half million people already have implants in their heads, most to overcome deafness, but some to help with Alzheimer's or epilepsy. So the technology to change behavior and alter the brain isn't science fiction. The science, in some ways, is already here—and certainly poised to grow, especially with Obama's $3 billion dollar BRAIN initiative, of which $70 million went to DARPA, partially for cranial implant research.
Vice.com is the home of the original article.
[Company Website]: THYNC
Researchers have reportedly accelerated learning by stimulating the brain with specific patterns of electricity:
You can learn how to improve your novice pilot skills by having your brain zapped with recorded brain patterns of experienced pilots via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), according to researchers at HRL Laboratories. "We measured the brain activity patterns of six commercial and military pilots, and then transmitted these patterns into novice subjects as they learned to pilot an airplane in a realistic flight simulator," says Matthew Phillips, PhD.
The study, published in an open-access paper in the February 2016 issue of the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, found that novice pilots who received brain stimulation via electrode-embedded head caps improved their piloting abilities, with a 33 percent increase in skill consistency, compared to those who received sham stimulation. "We measured the average g-force of the plane during the simulated landing and compared it to control subjects who received a mock brain stimulation," says Phillips.
"Pilot skill development requires a synthesis of multiple cognitive faculties, many of which are enhanced by tDCS and include dexterity, mental arithmetic, cognitive flexibility, visuo-spatial reasoning, and working memory," the authors note.
The study focused on a working-memory area — the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) — and the left motor cortex (M1), using continuous electroencephalography (EEG) to monitor midline frontal theta-band oscillatory brain activity and functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to monitor blood oxygenation to infer neuronal activity. The researchers used the XForce Dream Simulator package from X-Force PC and the X-plane 10 flight simulator software from Laminar Research for flight simulation training.
Previous research has demonstrated that tDCS can both help patients more quickly recover from a stroke and boost a healthy person's creativity; HRL's new study is one of the first to show that tDCS is effective in accelerating practical learning. Phillips speculates that the potential to increase learning with brain stimulation may make this form of accelerated learning commonplace. "As we discover more about optimizing, personalizing, and adapting brain stimulation protocols, we'll likely see these technologies become routine in training and classroom environments," he says. "It's possible that brain stimulation could be implemented for classes like drivers' training, SAT prep, and language learning."
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Neuronal Activity and Learning in Pilot Training (open, DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00034)
HRL Laboratories (a research center owned by General Motors and Boeing) has found that transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) can improve learning:
Done in collaboration with McGill University in Montreal and Soterix Medical in New York, the study was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA)'s Restoring Active Memory (RAM) program. Published October 12, 2017, in the journal Current Biology, tDCS in animals showed learning accelerated by about 40% when given 2 mA noninvasively to the prefrontal cortex without increased neuronal firing. This study showed it was modulated connectivity between brain areas, not neuron firing rates, that accounted for the increased learning speed.
The behavioral task in this experiment was associative learning. The macaques had to learn arbitrary associations between a visual stimulus and a location where they would get a reward—a visual foraging task. The initial foraging trials took about 15 seconds, and once the animal learned the location of the reward, it took approximately 2 seconds to recall and find the target. Subjects in the control condition required an average of 22 trials to learn to obtain the reward right way[sic]. With tDCS they required an average of 12 trials.
"In this experiment we targeted the prefrontal cortex with individualized non-invasive stimulation montages," said Dr. Praveen Pilly, HRL's principal investigator on the study. "That is the region that controls many executive functions including decision-making, cognitive control, and contextual memory retrieval. It is connected to almost all the other cortical areas of the brain, and stimulating it has widespread effects. It is also the target of choice in most published behavioral enhancement studies and case studies with transcranial stimulation. We placed the tDCS electrodes on the scalp in both our control and stimulation conditions. The behavioral effect was revealed when they learned to find the reward faster."
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Facilitates Associative Learning and Alters Functional Connectivity in the Primate Brain (DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.020) (DX)
Previously: Cognitive Enhancement May Not be All It's Cracked Up To Be.
Zapping Your Brain may Reduce Depression, Ease Pain
Stanford scientists have administered electric jolts to mice in response to a pattern of brain activity in the nucleus accumbens that occurs just before "impulsive behavior" (in this study, overeating). This reportedly disrupts the impulse and the impulsive behavior, but not normal behavior. The lead author of the study says the research could lead to a brain implant that could "predict and prevent a suicide attempt, a heroin injection, a burst of binge eating or alcohol intake, or a sudden bout of uncontrolled rage":
Just imagine if you could predict and prevent a burst of binge eating or alcohol intake, a heroin injection, a sudden bout of uncontrolled rage or a suicide attempt. The world would be a better place.
Long journeys start with first steps. In a study [open, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712214114] [DX] published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Stanford researchers led by neurosurgeon Casey Halpern, MD, have identified, both in mice and in a human subject, a signature pattern of electrical activity in a small but important deep-brain region called the nucleus accumbens just a second or two before a burst of impulsive behavior.
The nucleus accumbens is the hub of the brain's reward circuitry, which evolution has engineered to reinforce survival-promoting actions by inducing pleasure in anticipation or performance of those actions. The researchers showed in mice that supplying a small electrical jolt to the nucleus accumbens as soon as the electrical signature manifested there stopped the mice from overindulging in fatty food — without messing up the rest of their natural activities.
"Impulses are normal and absolutely necessary for survival," Halpern said when I interviewed him for our news release on the new study. "They convert our feelings about what's rewarding into concrete action to obtain food, sex, sleep and defenses against rivals or predators."
Which dystopian novel do you want to compare it to?
Also at NPR.
As part of my ongoing project looking at fusion centers' investigations into Antifa and various white supremacist groups, I filed a request with the WSFC. I got back many standard documents in response, including emails, intelligence briefings and bulletins, reposts from other fusion centers - and then there was one file titled "EM effects on human body.zip."
[...] What you are looking at here is "psycho-electronic" weapons that purportedly use electromagnetism to do a wide variety of horrible things to people, such as reading or writing your mind, causing intense pain, "rigor mortis," or most heinous of all, itching.
Now to be clear, the presence of these records (which were not created by the fusion center, and are not government documents) should not be seen as evidence that DHS possesses these devices, or even that such devices actually exist. Which is kind of unfortunate because "microwave hearing" is a pretty cool line of technobabble to say out loud.
[...] It's difficult to source exactly where these images come from, but it's obviously not government material. One seems to come from a person named "Supratik Saha," who is identified as a software engineer, the brain mapping slide has no sourcing, and the image of the body being assaulted by psychotronic weapons is sourced from raven1.net, who apparently didn't renew their domain.
Zapping Elderly Brains with Electricity Improves Short-term Memory—for Almost an Hour
despite its critical role, working memory is a fragile cognitive resource that declines with age, Reinhart says. Previous studies had suggested that reduced working-memory performance in the elderly is linked to uncoupled activity in different brain areas. So Reinhart and his team set out to test whether recoupling brain waves in older adults could boost the brain's ability to temporarily store information.
To do so, the researchers used jolts of weak electrical current to synchronize waves in the prefrontal and temporal cortex—two brain areas critical for cognition—and applied the current to the scalps of 42 healthy people in their 60s and 70s who showed no signs of decline in mental ability. Before their brains were zapped, participants looked at a series of images: an everyday object, followed briefly by a blank screen, and then either an identical or a modified version of the same object. The goal was to spot whether the two images were different.
Then the participants took the test again, while their brains were stimulated with a current. After about 25 minutes of applying electricity, participants were on average more accurate at identifying changes in the images than they were before the stimulation. Following stimulation, their performance in the test was indistinguishable from that of a group of 42 people in their 20s.
tl;dr;: electrocute grandpa, then ask him where he hid his will.
Transcranial Brain Stimulation Could Improve Working Memory
Scientists Test Whether Brain Stimulation Could Help Sharpen Aging Memory
One leading hypothesis contends that working memory works by far-flung brain areas firing synchronously. When two areas are on the same brain wavelength, communication is tight, and working memory functions seamlessly.
But as we age, these brain areas start falling out of step, and these once tightly linked brain areas are no longer on the same page. A study published Monday in [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0371-x] [DX] Nature Neuroscience demonstrates a link between these mismatched brain rhythms and declines in working memory in older adults and shows that a precise form of electrical stimulation applied to the scalp can coax these brain areas back into sync.
Applied to the brain via a skullcap studded with electrodes, an experimental form of transcranial brain stimulation delivers alternating current to a small group of neurons to nudge them to a specific wavelength. Imagine two giant pendulums swinging at different rates. The brain stimulation nudges each pendulum with a pair of electrical hands pushing at the same frequency, causing them to sync up and swing synchronously.
Also at The Guardian.
Related: Memory Enhancement Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Could Speed Learning by 40%
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Could Reduce People's Intentions to Commit Violence
Scientists Connect 3 Actual Human Brains (Then Make Them Play Tetris)
(Score: 0, Insightful) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 03 2018, @09:02PM (15 children)
Other cures for Antifa may include traumatic brain injury [youtube.com] and lobotomy.
(Score: -1, Offtopic) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 03 2018, @09:30PM (3 children)
Awww did a big black man turn you into a cuck? Maybe get one of those penis pumps and you can move up from micro to tiny.
(Score: -1, Offtopic) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 03 2018, @10:01PM (2 children)
This is Tiny [youtube.com]
(Score: -1, Offtopic) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 03 2018, @11:25PM (1 child)
Too risky of a click thxkbye
(Score: -1, Offtopic) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 04 2018, @12:15AM
Clicks > clique
Try Sargon [youtube.com]
(Score: 5, Informative) by Aegis on Tuesday July 03 2018, @09:57PM (10 children)
Why just this week the people who are opposed to fascism pulled a gun on a group of people who were just peacably excersizing their first ammendment rights. [washingtonpost.com]
And then another one was charged with a hate crime for murdering someone for the crime of free speech. [fortune.com]
Oh wait.......no......it was the fascists that did that. My mistake!
(Score: 0, Disagree) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 03 2018, @10:11PM (4 children)
Good, nobody likes fascists and no one is defending vehicular homicide. People getting hurt isn't funny but there's no sympathy for hitting someone with a metal bar. [funnyjunk.com] No more sympathy for masked communists turning up to harass, verbally absue and assault a mixed race Christian constitutionalist prayer group than your "womp womp" example.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 03 2018, @11:38PM (3 children)
Someone disagrees with me, someone likes fascists? Well, we all know what Marxism leads to! [wikipedia.org]
(Score: 3, Informative) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 04 2018, @12:43AM (1 child)
I think that was the president. He said they weren't all bad, had some good people, etc etc. Of course, it might have been someone else. The fascists are comfortably coming out of the woodwork these days.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 04 2018, @01:07AM
True [youtube.com] but they call themselves anti-fascists. Love how we transition from the cringe of a prayer rally to the beauty of the working class rising up against the bourgeois socialist oppressors. Marx and Engels would have been so proud!
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 04 2018, @09:58AM
Sure: Fascists like fascists.
(Score: 0) by XivLacuna on Wednesday July 04 2018, @12:46AM
The other side of the story.
https://dailystormer.name/man-yelled-womp-womp-and-pulled-a-gun-in-self-defense-at-pro-invasion-protest/ [dailystormer.name]
Seems like he only pulled it after the marxists started getting ready to speak with their fists. Fist speech is not free speech.
http://www.occidentaldissent.com/2017/09/05/heather-heyer-died-of-a-heart-attack/ [occidentaldissent.com]
Heather Heyer was never even hit by James Field, who was fleeing after his car was attacked by anti-fa.
(Score: 2, Redundant) by Runaway1956 on Wednesday July 04 2018, @02:22AM (2 children)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMJBTXJdz1Q [youtube.com]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJufM2mxZOY [youtube.com]
You need to get in touch with reality. Antifa is no less evil than the "fascists" they claim to stand against.
“Take me to the Brig. I want to see the “real Marines”. – Major General Chesty Puller, USMC
(Score: 3, Informative) by DeathMonkey on Wednesday July 04 2018, @05:54AM (1 child)
Really, are those the best you can come up with?
And you think that's anywhere even close to a guy running a young girl down with a car?
(Score: 2) by Runaway1956 on Wednesday July 04 2018, @03:57PM
Short notice, quick search, I found those. I can find more and better, if you insist. Did you know that Antifa has an armed wing or branch, whose very purpose it is to stir up trouble at any demonstration? I linked to those guys once before. Apparently, you need to see it again.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpSmW_wTaPM [youtube.com]
Antifa hassling a reporter, while carrying weapons.
https://www.redneckrevolt.org/ [redneckrevolt.org]
The armed wing's homepage. I will note that the page is extremely slow to load, and it seems you must enable javascript - it's a sucky page, as pages go.
https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-04-06/ut-professor-threatened-armed-antifa-group-found-dead [zerohedge.com]
Antifa murders a professor from University of Texas
Now let me ask you - do you REALLY believe that Antifa is somehow superior to any other group af assholes who want to rule the world? Do you REALLY believe they are any less fascist than the fascists they claim to oppose?
White supremacists do extremely stupid shit all the time - and Antifa follows right in their footsteps. Dirtbags are dirtbags, no matter which slogan they are shouting.
And, meanwhile, they are largely indistinguishable from people like Al Sharpton, or Jesse Jackson who make a living by keeping the shit stirred.
Maybe you need a cause to follow, and you think this bullshit is the "most worthy" or some such silly shit. Dude - find a real cause. Antifa is nonsense, from start to finish. It's just the newest face of the tired old hag named Communism. Racist communists - imagine that.
“Take me to the Brig. I want to see the “real Marines”. – Major General Chesty Puller, USMC
(Score: 2) by unauthorized on Wednesday July 04 2018, @03:27AM
Ooooh, is it cherrypicking season again? Look ma, I found one [cnn.com]!
(Score: 2, Funny) by edIII on Tuesday July 03 2018, @09:05PM (4 children)
Interesting how a specific shock raises moral awareness. I would suggest then we use cattle prods on everyone in DC.
Technically, lunchtime is at any moment. It's just a wave function.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 03 2018, @10:48PM (2 children)
Orange Anus? Cheetos are not meant to be suppositories.
(Score: 2) by edIII on Tuesday July 03 2018, @11:19PM
I assumed he watched that South Park episode and eats with his butt. To be fair, it's hard to tell the difference between his face and anus when he gets the rhetoric really going :)
Technically, lunchtime is at any moment. It's just a wave function.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 03 2018, @11:22PM
Presume edIII was putting them in his mouth, it's just a matter of where his head is at.
(Score: 2) by JoeMerchant on Wednesday July 04 2018, @11:59AM
Are we really coming back to ECT [mayoclinic.org]? I thought that Jack Nicholson [imdb.com] managed to kill that one in the court of public opinion - right down there with flogging and waterboarding...
🌻🌻🌻 [google.com]
(Score: 3, Interesting) by bitstream on Tuesday July 03 2018, @09:23PM (7 children)
If it's possible to reduce people's intentions in any way. Then the government/corporations would like to quash any rebellion the same way..
1984, one bit by bit closer into your bitstream.
But there is another help for PTSD etc. Use Beta blockers [mentalhelp.net] this way:
(Score: 2, Interesting) by Aegis on Tuesday July 03 2018, @09:51PM (3 children)
If it's possible to reduce people's intentions in any way. Then the government/corporations would like to quash any rebellion the same way..
1984, one bit by bit closer into your bitstream.
We should definitely repeal the ruling that says the government isn't allowed to force someone to undergo a medical procedure then, eh?
Republicans, ushering in 1984 since 1984!
(Score: 3, Insightful) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 03 2018, @11:30PM (1 child)
Pretty sure our dystopian reality today was a bipartisan effort. Republicans took the lead on some aspects, Democrats on others.
The Patriot Act and DMCA shit was the real downturn for freedom in the US. Sadly the majority of people did not see a reduction in their personal daily freedoms so the outrage didn't really go anywhere.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 04 2018, @12:46AM
You mean greed and trying to remain in power are two things both sides can agree on? Imagine that.
(Score: 2) by bitstream on Wednesday July 04 2018, @12:15AM
The deeper levels of government will get their way if the science is workable.
(Score: 4, Insightful) by sjames on Wednesday July 04 2018, @12:22AM (2 children)
Since the part of the brain stimulated provides impulse control, the corporations won't want to go anywhere near it. It would render advertising less effective.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 04 2018, @01:06AM
(Score: 3, Interesting) by JoeMerchant on Wednesday July 04 2018, @12:03PM
Why do you think Xanax, Wellbutrin, Prozac et. al. are so popular? Zero critical thought control of impulse spending, don't worry about later: be happy now.
🌻🌻🌻 [google.com]
(Score: 2, Informative) by CCTalbert on Tuesday July 03 2018, @10:44PM (1 child)
I can't remember the name of the book now (somebody please let me know if you know it!)
The story goes that they implant electrodes in a man prone to violent outbursts... a computer monitors him and when he becomes angry it activates a mild pleasure stimulation to calm him down.
What happens is after a while his brain trains itself to become angry to trigger the stimulation.... these angry/stimulate events then increase in frequency until it hit a limit and the computer resets- at which time he'd rampage and kill. Lather, rinse, repeat, as the saying goes.
If I remember right this occurred some time after he'd been released as "cured".
Whacky fun....
(Score: 3, Informative) by edIII on Tuesday July 03 2018, @11:28PM
You're most likely referring to The Terminal Man by Michael Crichton.
Technically, lunchtime is at any moment. It's just a wave function.
(Score: 2) by crafoo on Tuesday July 03 2018, @10:59PM (5 children)
I don't see people willingly having something implanted into their skull for the purpose of giving someone else control over their emotions. We need to brainstorm people! Tying it to iPhone XII surely won't be enough. Can we require it for unemployment and welfare applications? And then force everyone out of a job with a market crash? How about requiring it for servicemen? Requirement for felons? How can we slowly creep the install base to entire population? We need ideas!
(Score: 3, Informative) by bob_super on Tuesday July 03 2018, @11:25PM (3 children)
Ever heard of Facebook ?
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 03 2018, @11:35PM (2 children)
No, what is it and what's the connection?
(Score: 2) by bob_super on Wednesday July 04 2018, @12:17AM (1 child)
It's a global emotions control platform, dedicated to bringing you down while reminding you that you could buy things to feel better.
(Score: 2) by JoeMerchant on Wednesday July 04 2018, @12:08PM
Amazon: happiness in a box.
🌻🌻🌻 [google.com]
(Score: 4, Informative) by sjames on Wednesday July 04 2018, @12:28AM
Fortunately, this isn't an implant. tDCS = TRANSCRANIAL direct current stimulation. So electrodes and saline paste, no drilling.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 03 2018, @11:35PM
-- Professor Hathaway
(Score: 2) by J_Darnley on Tuesday July 03 2018, @11:41PM (2 children)
Electroshock therapy does work after all? Mike Pence will be pleased to hear it.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 04 2018, @12:25AM
Fry him, next Lou Reed right there
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 04 2018, @09:02AM
Electroshock therapy works very well for some things. No idea about Mike Pence and how he has anything to do with this.
(Score: 2) by VLM on Wednesday July 04 2018, @12:07AM
They missed an obvious placebo problem where the victims didn't get tested for non-violent passivity. Like how would you like to go for a nice jog?
Surely, a twelve pack of beer would mellow out most people making them less likely to commit an assault, I mean, I'm pretty chill, but also generally make them more passive into not wanting to do much of anything other than maybe watch TV or scroll social media endlessly or shitpost on SN all evening.
I'm just saying a general tranquilizing paralytic effect might be whats going on, not a specific behavior.
(Score: 2) by Runaway1956 on Wednesday July 04 2018, @01:13AM
We understand the science behind Ol' Sparky!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Sparky [wikipedia.org]
“Take me to the Brig. I want to see the “real Marines”. – Major General Chesty Puller, USMC
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 04 2018, @02:02AM
as long as the voltage is high enough
(Score: 1, Funny) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 04 2018, @03:39AM
Tasering perps in the face is now considered to be a medical electro-shock stimulation therapy which may help reduce their violent tendencies. As such, it is a billable health service.
(Score: 2) by Rivenaleem on Wednesday July 04 2018, @03:30PM
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 04 2018, @07:04PM
Its 'for the kids', of course.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday July 05 2018, @10:27AM
Here I was thinking it was an article about cranial stimulation, and instead it's Griefergrunt, the polycells and SWJ's again.
(Score: 2) by Gaaark on Monday July 09 2018, @12:32AM
What's wrong with a little ultra-violence?
"I'm singing in the rain...."
--- Please remind me if I haven't been civil to you: I'm channeling MDC. I have always been here. ---Gaaark 2.0 --