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posted by Fnord666 on Tuesday November 26 2019, @12:31PM   Printer-friendly
from the re-animator dept.

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/nov/20/humans-put-into-suspended-animation-for-first-time

Doctors have put humans into a state of suspended animation for the first time in a groundbreaking trial that aims to buy more time for surgeons to save seriously injured patients.

The process involves rapidly cooling the brain to less than 10C by replacing the patient’s blood with ice-cold saline solution. Typically the solution is pumped directly into the aorta, the main artery that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

Known formally as emergency preservation and resuscitation, or EPR, the procedure is being trialled on people who sustain such catastrophic injuries that they are in danger of bleeding to death and who suffer a heart attack shortly before they can be treated. The patients, who are often victims of stabbings or shootings, would normally have less than a 5% chance of survival.

[...] Rapid cooling of trauma victims is designed to reduce brain activity to a near standstill and to slow the patient’s physiology enough to give surgeons precious extra minutes, perhaps more than an hour, to operate. Once the patient’s injuries have been attended to, they are warmed up and resuscitated.

One aim of the US trial is to reduce the brain damage that patients are often left with if they survive such serious injuries. When the heart stops and blood stops circulating, the brain quickly becomes starved of oxygen, suffering irreparable damage within about five minutes.

The trial will compare the outcomes of 20 men and women who receive standard emergency care or EPR. The trial is due to run until the end of the year, and full results are not expected until late 2020.

One complication of the procedure is that patients’ cells can become damaged as they are warmed up after surgery.

Also reported at:


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  • (Score: 5, Informative) by takyon on Tuesday November 26 2019, @12:42PM (4 children)

    by takyon (881) <{takyon} {at} {soylentnews.org}> on Tuesday November 26 2019, @12:42PM (#924885) Journal

    ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01042015
    First Posted : January 5, 2010
    Last Update Posted : August 14, 2019

    Actual Study Start Date : October 2016

    Can Hypothermia Save Gunshot Victims? [archive.is]

    In 1990, Tisherman and his colleagues published their first results. The findings were groundbreaking: dogs that had effectively died from blood loss and then been rapidly cooled to 59 degrees could be brought back to life an hour later with no brain damage. The cold reduced metabolic activity so precipitously that the oxygen that remained in the animal’s tissues from its final few breaths was sufficient to prevent brain death. During the next several years, by refining their technique and reducing their target temperature, the Pittsburgh group gradually managed to extend the interval between death and resuscitation to three hours.

    As evidence mounted that suspended animation might actually work, other researchers joined the field. In 1996, Hasan Alam and Peter Rhee, researchers at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, in Bethesda, used pigs to expand on Tisherman’s successes. “We got to the stage where we could convert a hundred-per-cent-lethal injury to about a ninety-, ninety-five-per-cent survival rate, neurologically intact,” Alam told me.

    [...] By 2002, Tisherman and Safar were convinced that they had assembled enough evidence to test suspended animation in humans. But it took another twelve years to put together the protocols, approvals, and funding necessary for a clinical trial, and, in 2003, Peter Safar died, at the age of seventy-nine. Although each year seemed to bring fresh evidence of the power of cold temperatures to preserve and protect, suspended animation in humans remained a promising but unproved idea.

    [...] On April 12, 2015, a twenty-five-year-old black man named Freddie Gray arrived at Shock Trauma in a coma. His spinal cord had been severed while he was in the custody of six police officers, and he died a week later. Gray’s death—like those of Eric Garner, Michael Brown, and other African-Americans who were killed by police in recent years—provoked an outcry against racism and brutality in law enforcement. There were demonstrations across the country, and in Baltimore the protests lasted two weeks.

    Six months later, on a breezy blue Friday morning, Tisherman, wearing pink scrubs, sat quietly behind a folding table in the atrium at Mondawmin Mall. On the day of Gray’s funeral, the mall, in West Baltimore, had been a flash point of confrontation among police clad in riot gear, protesters, and looters, but now the scene was placid. Shoppers strolled, people from a drug-treatment program were distributing needles, and the Black Mental Health Alliance offered free lip balm and brochures detailing its services. Tisherman and Leslie Sult, a clinical-research nurse, were handing out laser-printed leaflets about E.P.R., as part of a community consultation required before the trial could proceed. Among the difficulties facing the trial has been an ethical concern: enrollment is not voluntary. Prospective patients, being clinically dead, will be incapable of giving consent, and the speed of treatment—the decision to begin E.P.R. has to be made within a matter of seconds—precludes identifying, let alone contacting, the next of kin. (The F.D.A. requires informed consent for all human medical trials, but it does grant exceptions for emergency research.)

    In Baltimore, the issue of waived consent has disquieting social implications. Of the more than nine hundred people who were shot in the city last year—three hundred of whom died—more than ninety per cent were male, more than ninety per cent were black, and most were under the age of thirty. In the predominantly African-American neighborhoods of West Baltimore, thirty per cent of households live below the federal poverty line. As these neighborhoods lie just north of Shock Trauma, it is a virtual certainty that the first person to be selected for E.P.R. will be black, low-income, and male.

    Because of the consent issue, an institutional review board at the University of Maryland required Tisherman to devise a way for people to elect not to be enrolled in advance. He designed a red rubber bracelet, in the style of Lance Armstrong’s Livestrong wristbands, that says “no to epr-cat.” (E.P.R.-CAT is the trial’s full name; “CAT” stands for “cardiac arrest from trauma.”) Anyone wanting to opt out could request one and wear it at all times. Another stipulation made by the board was the community-consultation process. Over a three-month period, Tisherman and Sult visited various public spaces, distributing flyers, answering questions, and conducting surveys. There were interviews on local TV and radio stations, and ads in the city’s newspapers.

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    • (Score: 2) by mhajicek on Tuesday November 26 2019, @03:06PM (1 child)

      by mhajicek (51) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @03:06PM (#924927)

      If they wanted they could have made it opt-in by handing out "yes" bracelets.

      --
      The spacelike surfaces of time foliations can have a cusp at the surface of discontinuity. - P. Hajicek
      • (Score: 2) by MostCynical on Tuesday November 26 2019, @10:04PM

        by MostCynical (2589) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @10:04PM (#925119) Journal

        Thereby artificially limiting the number of potential participants

        --
        "I guess once you start doubting, there's no end to it." -Batou, Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex
    • (Score: 2) by driverless on Wednesday November 27 2019, @02:27AM

      by driverless (4770) on Wednesday November 27 2019, @02:27AM (#925204)

      Actually this has been happening for centuries at least. Whenever parliament is in session, the majority of the house except for the few people speaking go into suspended animation.

    • (Score: 1, Redundant) by driverless on Wednesday November 27 2019, @02:29AM

      by driverless (4770) on Wednesday November 27 2019, @02:29AM (#925208)

      Actually this has been happening for centuries at least. Whenever parliament is in session,

  • (Score: 2) by Bot on Tuesday November 26 2019, @01:08PM (3 children)

    by Bot (3902) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @01:08PM (#924891) Journal

    Freezing meatbags is easy, thawing is the tricky part.

    --
    Account abandoned.
    • (Score: 1, Touché) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday November 26 2019, @01:33PM (1 child)

      by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday November 26 2019, @01:33PM (#924900)

      also reading past the Headline is difficult. Nowhere does it mention freezing anything.

      • (Score: 3, Touché) by Bot on Wednesday November 27 2019, @12:14AM

        by Bot (3902) on Wednesday November 27 2019, @12:14AM (#925172) Journal

        I was just adding my bit of personal experience.

        --
        Account abandoned.
    • (Score: 1) by RandomFactor on Wednesday November 27 2019, @12:16AM

      by RandomFactor (3682) on Wednesday November 27 2019, @12:16AM (#925174) Journal

      You're not dead until you're warm and dead.

      --
      В «Правде» нет известий, в «Известиях» нет правды
  • (Score: 4, Insightful) by esperto123 on Tuesday November 26 2019, @01:36PM (5 children)

    by esperto123 (4303) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @01:36PM (#924902)

    Isn't this, or something very similar, being used by russian surgeons for ages? I remember seeing documentaries about this like 25 years ago.

    • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday November 26 2019, @02:52PM (2 children)

      by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday November 26 2019, @02:52PM (#924922)

      I remember this from the 1970s.

      • (Score: 3, Funny) by barbara hudson on Tuesday November 26 2019, @10:36PM (1 child)

        by barbara hudson (6443) <barbara.Jane.hudson@icloud.com> on Tuesday November 26 2019, @10:36PM (#925127) Journal
        I thought PowerPoint routinely put people into a stats of suspended animation and cessation of higher brain function.
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        • (Score: 1, Touché) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday November 26 2019, @10:54PM

          by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday November 26 2019, @10:54PM (#925134)

          Unfortunately, it causes their eyes to bleed profusely until true death.

    • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday November 26 2019, @03:49PM (1 child)

      by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday November 26 2019, @03:49PM (#924955)

      Yes, it was standard procedure instead of relying on a heart lung machine.

      So how would they preserve the victim's blood for later replacement? What if the victim is too holey for the solution to be deployed?

      • (Score: 3, Interesting) by All Your Lawn Are Belong To Us on Tuesday November 26 2019, @11:26PM

        by All Your Lawn Are Belong To Us (6553) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @11:26PM (#925152) Journal

        My guess, and it's only a guess, is that they wouldn't preserve the blood but rely on total transfusion... It would be interesting if they could save any of the patient's blood akin to an autologous transfusion, but how they would avoid dilution with the cryosolution would be the question - a total transfusion is probably easier.

        As to "too holey" - there are three organs that require constant oxygenated blood perfusion: Brain, heart, and kidneys. The other organs require oxygen but can survive for varying degrees without it for some amount of time. Make sure the arteries and veins to the big three aren't leaking first, then trauma clamp the tears on other vessels. (Remember that it's not the number of holes... it's the number of arteries or major veins that are compromised that are the worry....)

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        This sig for rent.
  • (Score: 2) by Phoenix666 on Tuesday November 26 2019, @03:28PM (14 children)

    by Phoenix666 (552) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @03:28PM (#924943) Journal

    This is fantastic news for my end of life plans. My kids are into Ancient Egypt at the moment and asked me if I want to be mummified when I die. I said no, freeze me in carbonite and place me in your entryway. I had resigned myself to being actually dead and bronzed as an homage, but with this advance there's a chance I could be revived by a fearless and inventive bounty hunter.

    --
    Washington DC delenda est.
    • (Score: 2) by PiMuNu on Tuesday November 26 2019, @03:46PM

      by PiMuNu (3823) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @03:46PM (#924954)

      Composting is a nice option too. I have seen lots of "green burial sites" popping up around the uk...

    • (Score: 3, Interesting) by ElizabethGreene on Tuesday November 26 2019, @04:18PM (8 children)

      by ElizabethGreene (6748) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @04:18PM (#924965)

      On one level, mummification actually worked. We've successfully extracted DNA from mummies.

      I'm signed up to be frozen when I die, Cryonics, because I feel like it has a better chance of working over the alternative. It probably won't, but a one in a billion chance is still better than none in a billion.

      • (Score: 2) by Phoenix666 on Tuesday November 26 2019, @04:28PM (3 children)

        by Phoenix666 (552) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @04:28PM (#924970) Journal

        Whole body, or just your head? Solemn pose, or goofy one?

        --
        Washington DC delenda est.
        • (Score: 3, Informative) by ElizabethGreene on Tuesday November 26 2019, @06:18PM (2 children)

          by ElizabethGreene (6748) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @06:18PM (#925004)

          Whole body, updside down in a liquid nitrogen dewar, Cryonics Institute Clifton Township Michigan.

          I'll be (mostly) dead, so the pose is out of my control.

          • (Score: 2) by Gaaark on Tuesday November 26 2019, @07:14PM (1 child)

            by Gaaark (41) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @07:14PM (#925026) Journal

            If your luck is like mine, they'll dress you up as Ronald McDonald.

            --
            --- Please remind me if I haven't been civil to you: I'm channeling MDC. ---Gaaark 2.0 ---
            • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday November 27 2019, @05:02AM

              by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday November 27 2019, @05:02AM (#925263)

              They will dress her up as Ronald Reagan, then use her as a superconducting perpetual energy source until such time as she can be thawed out in order to be consciously offended :)

      • (Score: 1) by khallow on Tuesday November 26 2019, @11:48PM (3 children)

        by khallow (3766) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @11:48PM (#925165) Journal

        but a one in a billion chance is still better than none in a billion.

        How much are you coughing up for that one in a billion chance?

        • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday November 27 2019, @01:55AM

          by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday November 27 2019, @01:55AM (#925198)

          The odds are indeed astronomically bad that you will be revived.
          For one, who says that EVEN IF the technology to revive you existed that they WOULD EVEN BOTHER?
          You're not worth the initial expense or the ongoing medical expenses to care for you after or to integrate you into society.
          You are counting on the massive charity of strangers who could get a much bigger return by spending the $$$ and effort on THEIR OWN PEOPLE.
          Your only hope is to be someone's science experiment during and after, a "specimen" to do continuing research on.

        • (Score: 3, Interesting) by ElizabethGreene on Wednesday November 27 2019, @03:53AM (1 child)

          by ElizabethGreene (6748) on Wednesday November 27 2019, @03:53AM (#925235)

          The sticker price is $40,000 for the suspension and ~$100 per year in annual dues. I'm paying for the suspension with life insurance, so it's cheap. I'm the sole breadwinner for 4 humans and a preposterous number of cats so I have a lot of life insurance. Cryonics is a pretty small part of it.

          I'd like to move my setup to Alcor, but it's nontrivially more expensive. I feel like their standby, stabilization, and transport arrangements are better. Cost has prevented me from making the jump.

          • (Score: 2) by deimtee on Wednesday November 27 2019, @10:57AM

            by deimtee (3272) on Wednesday November 27 2019, @10:57AM (#925307) Journal

            It's an open question who has the better suspension system*, but CI will accept patients who are already suspended. It wouldn't be as cheap as going straight to CI, but you could avoid the Alcor trust component, which is a significant part of the cost difference.

            *I think it is going to take MNT level reconstruction to restore almost all of the people currently suspended. The argument then reduces to which system best preserves the information at the cell/synapse/neuron level to allow that. Gross cracking from straight freezing looks bad, but actually erases very little information. It may turn out that the best suspensions were the early ones with straight freezing to LN2 temps.

            Good luck, and I'll see you at the wake-up party. :)

            --
            No problem is insoluble, but at Ksp = 2.943×10−25 Mercury Sulphide comes close.
    • (Score: 2) by All Your Lawn Are Belong To Us on Tuesday November 26 2019, @11:27PM (3 children)

      by All Your Lawn Are Belong To Us (6553) on Tuesday November 26 2019, @11:27PM (#925153) Journal

      Or as Mr. Freeze. (That's Dr. to you....)

      --
      This sig for rent.
      • (Score: 3, Funny) by Phoenix666 on Wednesday November 27 2019, @11:37AM (2 children)

        by Phoenix666 (552) on Wednesday November 27 2019, @11:37AM (#925317) Journal

        With all you guys talking about being frozen I had a flash of inspiration: You should rent out the block of ice with your corpse frozen inside to high-end goth parties they chip ice chunks from at the bar to make drinks. Then you bank the proceeds in an index fund to finance your eventual revival.

        --
        Washington DC delenda est.
        • (Score: 2) by All Your Lawn Are Belong To Us on Wednesday November 27 2019, @03:23PM (1 child)

          by All Your Lawn Are Belong To Us (6553) on Wednesday November 27 2019, @03:23PM (#925357) Journal

          Only if we charge triple for Daquiries , Grasshoppers, Mojitos, and Mint Juleps.

          If you like Pina Coladas
          And watching frozen brains
          If you're not into hygiene
          And won't put me in the rain

          If you like frozen hands at midnight
          and dewar flasks you like to scrape
          you're the drinker that I've looked for
          Take the ice but don't amputate...

          --
          This sig for rent.
          • (Score: 3, Funny) by Phoenix666 on Wednesday November 27 2019, @06:17PM

            by Phoenix666 (552) on Wednesday November 27 2019, @06:17PM (#925402) Journal

            Only if we charge triple for Daquiries , Grasshoppers, Mojitos, and Mint Juleps.

            haha yes, serve them via ice luges [www.leaf.tv] that originate from strategic points. Obviously the whole slab containing your carcass has to be mounted to a pivoting frame, though, because Mud Slides, Kahlua, and Black Russians will want to slide down the channel on the flip side.

            --
            Washington DC delenda est.
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