Scientists Discover New Electrical Function Performed by Nearly Half of Brain Cells:
Researchers at Tufts University School of Medicine have discovered a previously unknown function performed by astrocytes, a type of cell that comprises nearly half of all cells in the brain.
According to the researchers, the discovery in mice of a novel function by cells known as astrocytes opens up a whole new avenue for neuroscience study that could lead to treatments for a variety of conditions ranging from epilepsy to Alzheimer's to traumatic brain injury.
It all boils down to how astrocytes interact with neurons, which are fundamental cells of the brain and nervous system that receive input from the outside world. Through a complex set of electrical and chemical signaling, neurons transmit information between different areas of the brain and between the brain and the rest of the nervous system.
[...] [Chris] Dulla describes astrocytes as "making sure everything is copacetic in the brain, and if something goes wrong, if there's an injury or viral infection, they detect it, try to respond, and then try to protect the brain from insult. What we want to do next is determine how astrocytes change when these insults happen."
[...] The discovery of astrocyte-neuron crosstalk raises numerous questions as to how the interactions work in brain pathology and in the development of learning and memory. "It makes us rethink everything astrocytes do, and how the fact that astrocytes are electrically active may be influencing a wide range of neurological diseases," he says.
[...] The researchers are now screening existing drugs to see if they can manipulate the neuron-astrocyte interactions. "By doing so, can we one day help people learn faster or better? Can we repair a brain injury when it occurs?" Dulla asks.
The new technology used to make this discovery not only opens up new ways to think about astrocyte activity, it also provides new approaches for imaging activity through the brain. Before now, there was no way to image potassium activity in the brain, for example, or study how potassium is involved in sleep, metabolism, or injury and infection in the brain.
"We are giving these tools to other labs so they can use the same assays and techniques to study the questions they are interested in," he says. "Scientists are getting the tools to study headache, breathing, developmental disorders, and a wide range of different neurological diseases."
Journal Reference:
Moritz Armbruster, Saptarnab Naskar, Jacqueline P. Garcia, Mary Sommer, Elliot Kim, Yoav Adam, Philip G. Haydon, Edward S. Boyden, Adam E. Cohen and Chris G. Dulla, Neuronal activity drives pathway-specific depolarization of peripheral astrocyte processes, 28 April 2022, Nature Neuroscience.
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01049-x
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 02 2022, @10:14AM
it is little, despite humans being humongous big-heads when compared with other animals.
and yet it can do quite a bit.
oh. and I'm fairly confident that, as far as biology is concerned, we won't ever find anything truly useless in the various systems we study.
maybe certain types of junk dna truly are junk dna.
but whenever someone says "we only use x% of the brain", it's time to stop listening/reading.
(Score: 3, Interesting) by VLM on Monday May 02 2022, @12:27PM (4 children)
I've always been kind of critical of neural networks as the decades since their "discovery" have been filled with headlines like this.
Its like bravely reporting we finally have op-amp based analog computers, and then a quarter century later we discover the volt, or discover the dry cell battery.
Neural Network "stuff" might actually work if we had the basic science discoveries that aren't going to arrive until 2065 or whatever.
(Score: 2) by Freeman on Monday May 02 2022, @01:42PM (1 child)
Perhaps, but you might have to wait a lot longer. In the event they can't build up some sort of hype to get grant funding.
Joshua 1:9 "Be strong and of a good courage; be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed: for the Lord thy God is with thee"
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 02 2022, @02:34PM
wasn't it nice when real academics did not have to hype for grant money.
sure some needed sponsoring to enable a living, but the truly great ideas, and exploration of same, did not involve project plans and business cases.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 02 2022, @05:01PM
I bet scientists haven't truly figured out how a single cell thinks. Yes there are some cells that don't think much (like plants), but there are many others that do. And I suspect neurons also think.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24444111 [nih.gov]
See also:
https://ia902308.us.archive.org/14/items/biostor-7123/biostor-7123.pdf [archive.org]
After withholding material for a while:
They seem smarter than some humans - e.g. they don't reproduce if there's not enough resources. ;)
Comparing the behavior of the smarter single celled creatures with the dumber multicellular creatures, I would think that brains evolved at least initially not to solve the thinking problem but to solve the problem of controlling a multicellular body. Solving interfacing and redundancy issues:
1) If you have a single "smart" cell control the whole body, if that single cell dies, the whole body goes to waste
2) It's a lot harder to have a single smart cell signal lots of muscles to move. Similar for sensing stuff.
Last but not least, if scientists have really figured out how to make groups of cells much smarter than individual cells then can they use what they've learned to make groups of humans consistently smarter than individual humans? If not why not? ;)
(Score: 3, Insightful) by mcgrew on Monday May 02 2022, @08:46PM
Yes, and brain is electro-chemical, not electronic. There are electrons involved, but the signalling is chemical. It is analog, apparently with a LOT of channels and different ways to connect parts of itself with other parts.
It's plain that your brain is not a Turing computer, and no Turing computer will accurately mimic the brain until we fully understand the brain. We're just now scratching the surface of that knowledge.
Carbon, The only element in the known universe to ever gain sentience
(Score: 1) by SvenErik on Monday May 02 2022, @03:05PM (2 children)
I think the article writer needs to re-check the text... ;-)
"Every demand is a prison, and wisdom is only free when it asks nothing." Sir Bertrand Russell
(Score: 2) by MIRV888 on Monday May 02 2022, @04:35PM
astrocytes are dirbag pieces of sh!t.
(Score: 2, Informative) by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 02 2022, @05:05PM
Not really. Some do use insult as a term. Example: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6139325/ [nih.gov]
(Score: -1, Spam) by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 02 2022, @05:50PM
Jew Talmud excerpts (the book that calls Christ's mother a whore & a bastard of a roman soldier) that WILL be DOWNMOD HIDDEN even though they are FACTS:
Yebamoth 98a: "All children of the goy are animals"
Yebhamoth 11b: "Sexual intercourse with a little girl is permitted if she is three years of age."
Aboda Sarah 37a: "A Gentile girl who is three years old can be violated."
Avodah Zarah 36b: "They decreed connection with a heathen child that it should cause defilement by seminal omission so that an Israelite child should not become accustomed to commit PEDERASTY with him. It is therefore to be concluded that a heathen (non jew) girl from the age of 3 + 1 day for inasmuich as she is then capable of the sexual act she likewise defiles by a flux. This is obvious"
Schulchan Oruch, Orach Chaim 14, 20, 32, 33, 39: "A Jew may do to an Non-JEWESS what he can do. He may treat her as he treats a piece of meat"
Avodah Zarah 37a: "R. Joseph said: Come and hear - a maiden aged 3 years and 1 day may be acquired in marriage by a coition (sex) and if her deceased husband's brother cohabits with her she becomes his"
Szaaloth-Utszabot, The Book of Jore Dia 17: "A Jew should and must make a false oath KALNIDRA (what they recite on entry into day of atonement that for the next 12 months no oath they make to others MATTERS & can be broken) when the Goyim asks if our books contain anything against them."
Schabouth Hag. 6d: "Jews may swear falsely by use of subterfuge wording."
Nedarim 23b: "He who desires that none of his vows made during the year be valid, let him stand at the beginning of the year and declare, 'Every vow which I may make in the future shall be null'. His vows are then invalid."
Sanhedrin 59a: "A goy (Gentile) who pries into The Law (Talmud) is guilty of death."
Yalhut 245c: "Extermination of the Christians is a necessary sacrifice" per https://www.brighteon.com/83442414-4300-4360-9ade-b999d9e40ca5 [brighteon.com] (one HELL of an INFORMATIVE video that)
Schulchan Aruch, Choszen Hamiszpat 388: "It is permitted to kill a Jewish denunciator everywhere. It is permitted to kill him even before he denounces."
Choshem Ha'mishpat 425.50: "Everyone who sheds the blood of the NON-JEW (impious) is as acceptable to God as he who offers a sacrifice to God"
Midrasch Talpioth page 225 L: "The Jew is not permitted to consider the goyim as human beings"
Choschen Hamm 388, 15: "If it can be proven that someone has given the money of Israelites to the Goyim, a way must be found after prudent consideration to wipe him off the face of the earth."
Tosefta. Aboda Zara B, 5: "If a goy kills a goy or a Jew, he is responsible; but if a Jew kills a goy, he is NOT responsible."
Zohar, Vuyshiah 177b: "Jews may cheat Goys over a bill" etc.
Hadarine 20, B & Schulchan Aruch, Choszem Hamiszpat 34B & Gad. Shas. 2:2: "A Jew may violate but not marry a non-Jewish girl."
Schulchan Aruch, Choszen Hamiszpat 348: "All property of other nations belongs to the Jewish nation, which, consequently, is entitled to seize upon it without any scruples."
Tosefta, Abda Zara VIII, 5: "How to interpret the word 'robbery.' A goy is forbidden to steal, rob, or take women slaves, etc., from a goy or from a Jew. But a Jew is NOT forbidden to do all this to a goy."
Mas. Shabbath 32b: "On the house of the Goy one looks as on the fold of cattle"
Baba Mazia 114b: "The Goyim are not humans. They are beasts"
Schulchan Aruch, Choszen Hamiszpat 156: "When a Jew has a Gentile in his clutches, another Jew may go to the same Gentile, lend him money and in turn deceive him, so that the Gentile shall be ruined. For the property of a Gentile, according to our law, belongs to no one, and the first Jew that passes has full right to seize it."
Seph. Jp., 92, 1: "God has given the Jews power over the possessions and blood of all nations."
Choschen Hamm 266,1: "A Jew may keep anything he finds which belongs to the Akum (Gentile). For he who returns lost property (to Gentiles) sins against the Law by increasing the power of the transgressors of the Law. It is praiseworthy, however, to return lost property if it is done to honor the name of God, namely, if by so doing, Christians will praise the Jews and look upon them as honorable people."
Baba Necia 114, 6: "The Jews are human beings, but the nations of the world are not human beings but beasts."
Hilkkoth Akum X1: "Do not save Goyim in danger of death."
Hilkkoth Akum X1: "Show no mercy to the Goyim."
Zohar, Toldoth Noah 63b & Simeon Haddarsen, fol. 56-D: "When the Messiah comes every Jew will have 2800 slaves."
Nidrasch Talpioth, p. 225-L: "Jehovah created the non-Jew in human form so that the Jew would not have to be served by beasts. The non-Jew is consequently an animal in human form, and condemned to serve the Jew day and night."
Schulchan Aruch, Johre Deah, 122: "A Jew is forbidden to drink from a glass of wine which a Gentile has touched, because the touch has made the wine unclean."
Rosh Hashanah 17a: "Christians who reject the Talmud shall go to HELL and be punished there for all generations"
(Like they said Jesus is in HELL boiling in SHIT (excrement) perhaps, per https://www.brighteon.com/83442414-4300-4360-9ade-b999d9e40ca5 [brighteon.com] & where JEWS literally say "We killed Yeshua and are PROUD of it"?)
Gittin 57a: "Jesus (Jashua) is in HELL boiling in hot excrement"
In the BRIGHTEON link above, they show Jesus as a MONKEY being pounded by a hammer with nails into a cross mocking him.
Mas Yevamoth 61b: "All JEWS will have a part in the future world The Goyim at the end of the world will be handed over to the angel DUMA and sent down to hell"
* RACIST, megalomaniacal, murderous, lying & twisted THIEVES TO THE CORE in Khazar/AshkeNAZI fake jews!
(Bear in mind that JEWS supplied that material above, not I...)
APK
P.S.=> All I can say is "EAT SHIT Synagogue of SATAN" per John in REVELATIONS (where he states
"those who say they are jews but are not" more or less in stating what they are in Khazar/AshkeNAZI fake jews who follow the above set of rules from their "book of LAW")... apk
(Score: -1, Spam) by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 02 2022, @08:11PM
Jew Talmud excerpts (the book that calls Christ's mother a whore & a bastard of a roman soldier).
This WILL be DOWNMOD HIDDEN ("gosh, I wonder by WHOM?" (not)): Yes, even though they are FACTS that the JEWS provide from their own texts no less that are RACIST, murderous, pedophilic and more from THEIR OWN WRITINGS (you name it disgusting)!
Know thy ENEMY + who are the REAL "hate speak" & "racis'" assholes!
Read below, & judge for YOURSELF (not their MainStreamMedia programming you with their not even 1/2 truth BULLSHIT - it amazes me the METHODS/CONCEPTS they preach to YOU are 'bad' YET jews themselves are FAR MORE GUILTY OF what they preach against than anyone else of them):
Yebamoth 98a: "All children of the goy are animals"
Yebhamoth 11b: "Sexual intercourse with a little girl is permitted if she is three years of age."
Aboda Sarah 37a: "A Gentile girl who is three years old can be violated."
Avodah Zarah 36b: "They decreed connection with a heathen child that it should cause defilement by seminal omission so that an Israelite child should not become accustomed to commit PEDERASTY with him. It is therefore to be concluded that a heathen (non jew) girl from the age of 3 + 1 day for inasmuich as she is then capable of the sexual act she likewise defiles by a flux. This is obvious"
Schulchan Oruch, Orach Chaim 14, 20, 32, 33, 39: "A Jew may do to an Non-JEWESS what he can do. He may treat her as he treats a piece of meat"
Avodah Zarah 37a: "R. Joseph said: Come and hear - a maiden aged 3 years and 1 day may be acquired in marriage by a coition (sex) and if her deceased husband's brother cohabits with her she becomes his"
Szaaloth-Utszabot, The Book of Jore Dia 17: "A Jew should and must make a false oath KALNIDRA (what they recite on entry into day of atonement that for the next 12 months no oath they make to others MATTERS & can be broken) when the Goyim asks if our books contain anything against them."
Schabouth Hag. 6d: "Jews may swear falsely by use of subterfuge wording."
Nedarim 23b: "He who desires that none of his vows made during the year be valid, let him stand at the beginning of the year and declare, 'Every vow which I may make in the future shall be null'. His vows are then invalid."
Sanhedrin 59a: "A goy (Gentile) who pries into The Law (Talmud) is guilty of death."
Yalhut 245c: "Extermination of the Christians is a necessary sacrifice" per https://www.brighteon.com/83442414-4300-4360-9ade-b999d9e40ca5 [brighteon.com] (one HELL of an INFORMATIVE video that)
Schulchan Aruch, Choszen Hamiszpat 388: "It is permitted to kill a Jewish denunciator everywhere. It is permitted to kill him even before he denounces."
Choshem Ha'mishpat 425.50: "Everyone who sheds the blood of the NON-JEW (impious) is as acceptable to God as he who offers a sacrifice to God"
Midrasch Talpioth page 225 L: "The Jew is not permitted to consider the goyim as human beings"
Choschen Hamm 388, 15: "If it can be proven that someone has given the money of Israelites to the Goyim, a way must be found after prudent consideration to wipe him off the face of the earth."
Tosefta. Aboda Zara B, 5: "If a goy kills a goy or a Jew, he is responsible; but if a Jew kills a goy, he is NOT responsible."
Zohar, Vuyshiah 177b: "Jews may cheat Goys over a bill" etc.
Hadarine 20, B & Schulchan Aruch, Choszem Hamiszpat 34B & Gad. Shas. 2:2: "A Jew may violate but not marry a non-Jewish girl."
Schulchan Aruch, Choszen Hamiszpat 348: "All property of other nations belongs to the Jewish nation, which, consequently, is entitled to seize upon it without any scruples."
Tosefta, Abda Zara VIII, 5: "How to interpret the word 'robbery.' A goy is forbidden to steal, rob, or take women slaves, etc., from a goy or from a Jew. But a Jew is NOT forbidden to do all this to a goy."
Mas. Shabbath 32b: "On the house of the Goy one looks as on the fold of cattle"
Baba Mazia 114b: "The Goyim are not humans. They are beasts"
Schulchan Aruch, Choszen Hamiszpat 156: "When a Jew has a Gentile in his clutches, another Jew may go to the same Gentile, lend him money and in turn deceive him, so that the Gentile shall be ruined. For the property of a Gentile, according to our law, belongs to no one, and the first Jew that passes has full right to seize it."
Seph. Jp., 92, 1: "God has given the Jews power over the possessions and blood of all nations."
Choschen Hamm 266,1: "A Jew may keep anything he finds which belongs to the Akum (Gentile). For he who returns lost property (to Gentiles) sins against the Law by increasing the power of the transgressors of the Law. It is praiseworthy, however, to return lost property if it is done to honor the name of God, namely, if by so doing, Christians will praise the Jews and look upon them as honorable people."
Baba Necia 114, 6: "The Jews are human beings, but the nations of the world are not human beings but beasts."
Hilkkoth Akum X1: "Do not save Goyim in danger of death."
Hilkkoth Akum X1: "Show no mercy to the Goyim."
Zohar, Toldoth Noah 63b & Simeon Haddarsen, fol. 56-D: "When the Messiah comes every Jew will have 2800 slaves."
Nidrasch Talpioth, p. 225-L: "Jehovah created the non-Jew in human form so that the Jew would not have to be served by beasts. The non-Jew is consequently an animal in human form, and condemned to serve the Jew day and night."
Schulchan Aruch, Johre Deah, 122: "A Jew is forbidden to drink from a glass of wine which a Gentile has touched, because the touch has made the wine unclean."
Rosh Hashanah 17a: "Christians who reject the Talmud shall go to HELL and be punished there for all generations"
(Like they said Jesus is in HELL boiling in SHIT (excrement) perhaps, per https://www.brighteon.com/83442414-4300-4360-9ade-b999d9e40ca5 [brighteon.com] & where JEWS literally say "We killed Yeshua and are PROUD of it"?)
Gittin 57a: "Jesus (Jashua) is in HELL boiling in hot excrement"
In the BRIGHTEON link above, they show Jesus as a MONKEY being pounded by a hammer with nails into a cross mocking him.
Mas Yevamoth 61b: "All JEWS will have a part in the future world The Goyim at the end of the world will be handed over to the angel DUMA and sent down to hell"
(AGAIN - Bear in mind that JEWS supplied that material above, not I...)
* RACIST, megalomaniacal, murderous, lying & twisted THIEVES TO THE CORE in Khazar/AshkeNAZI fake jews!
APK
P.S.=> All I can say is "EAT SHIT Synagogue of SATAN" per John in REVELATIONS (where he states "those who say they are jews but are not" more or less in stating what they are in Khazar/AshkeNAZI fake jews who follow the above set of rules from their "book of LAW")... apk
(Score: -1, Spam) by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 02 2022, @08:36PM
Jew Talmud excerpts (the book that calls Christ's mother a whore & a bastard of a roman soldier).
This WILL be DOWNMOD HIDDEN ("gosh, I wonder by WHOM?" (not)): Yes, even though they are FACTS that the JEWS provide from their own texts no less that are RACIST, murderous, pedophilic and more from THEIR OWN WRITINGS (you name it disgusting)!
Know thy ENEMY + who are the REAL "hate speak" & "racis'" assholes!
Read below, & judge for YOURSELF (not their MainStreamMedia programming you with their not even 1/2 truth BULLSHIT - it amazes me the METHODS/CONCEPTS they preach to YOU are 'bad' YET jews themselves are FAR MORE GUILTY OF what they preach against than anyone else of them):
Yebamoth 98a: "All children of the goy are animals"
Yebhamoth 11b: "Sexual intercourse with a little girl is permitted if she is three years of age."
Aboda Sarah 37a: "A Gentile girl who is three years old can be violated."
Avodah Zarah 36b: "They decreed connection with a heathen child that it should cause defilement by seminal omission so that an Israelite child should not become accustomed to commit PEDERASTY with him. It is therefore to be concluded that a heathen (non jew) girl from the age of 3 + 1 day for inasmuich as she is then capable of the sexual act she likewise defiles by a flux. This is obvious"
Schulchan Oruch, Orach Chaim 14, 20, 32, 33, 39: "A Jew may do to an Non-JEWESS what he can do. He may treat her as he treats a piece of meat"
Avodah Zarah 37a: "R. Joseph said: Come and hear - a maiden aged 3 years and 1 day may be acquired in marriage by a coition (sex) and if her deceased husband's brother cohabits with her she becomes his"
Szaaloth-Utszabot, The Book of Jore Dia 17: "A Jew should and must make a false oath KALNIDRA (what they recite on entry into day of atonement that for the next 12 months no oath they make to others MATTERS & can be broken) when the Goyim asks if our books contain anything against them."
Schabouth Hag. 6d: "Jews may swear falsely by use of subterfuge wording."
Nedarim 23b: "He who desires that none of his vows made during the year be valid, let him stand at the beginning of the year and declare, 'Every vow which I may make in the future shall be null'. His vows are then invalid."
Sanhedrin 59a: "A goy (Gentile) who pries into The Law (Talmud) is guilty of death."
Yalhut 245c: "Extermination of the Christians is a necessary sacrifice" per https://www.brighteon.com/83442414-4300-4360-9ade-b999d9e40ca5 [brighteon.com] (one HELL of an INFORMATIVE video that)
Schulchan Aruch, Choszen Hamiszpat 388: "It is permitted to kill a Jewish denunciator everywhere. It is permitted to kill him even before he denounces."
Choshem Ha'mishpat 425.50: "Everyone who sheds the blood of the NON-JEW (impious) is as acceptable to God as he who offers a sacrifice to God"
Midrasch Talpioth page 225 L: "The Jew is not permitted to consider the goyim as human beings"
Choschen Hamm 388, 15: "If it can be proven that someone has given the money of Israelites to the Goyim, a way must be found after prudent consideration to wipe him off the face of the earth."
Tosefta. Aboda Zara B, 5: "If a goy kills a goy or a Jew, he is responsible; but if a Jew kills a goy, he is NOT responsible."
Zohar, Vuyshiah 177b: "Jews may cheat Goys over a bill" etc.
Hadarine 20, B & Schulchan Aruch, Choszem Hamiszpat 34B & Gad. Shas. 2:2: "A Jew may violate but not marry a non-Jewish girl."
Schulchan Aruch, Choszen Hamiszpat 348: "All property of other nations belongs to the Jewish nation, which, consequently, is entitled to seize upon it without any scruples."
Tosefta, Abda Zara VIII, 5: "How to interpret the word 'robbery.' A goy is forbidden to steal, rob, or take women slaves, etc., from a goy or from a Jew. But a Jew is NOT forbidden to do all this to a goy."
Mas. Shabbath 32b: "On the house of the Goy one looks as on the fold of cattle"
Baba Mazia 114b: "The Goyim are not humans. They are beasts"
Schulchan Aruch, Choszen Hamiszpat 156: "When a Jew has a Gentile in his clutches, another Jew may go to the same Gentile, lend him money and in turn deceive him, so that the Gentile shall be ruined. For the property of a Gentile, according to our law, belongs to no one, and the first Jew that passes has full right to seize it."
Seph. Jp., 92, 1: "God has given the Jews power over the possessions and blood of all nations."
Choschen Hamm 266,1: "A Jew may keep anything he finds which belongs to the Akum (Gentile). For he who returns lost property (to Gentiles) sins against the Law by increasing the power of the transgressors of the Law. It is praiseworthy, however, to return lost property if it is done to honor the name of God, namely, if by so doing, Christians will praise the Jews and look upon them as honorable people."
Baba Necia 114, 6: "The Jews are human beings, but the nations of the world are not human beings but beasts."
Hilkkoth Akum X1: "Do not save Goyim in danger of death."
Hilkkoth Akum X1: "Show no mercy to the Goyim."
Zohar, Toldoth Noah 63b & Simeon Haddarsen, fol. 56-D: "When the Messiah comes every Jew will have 2800 slaves."
Nidrasch Talpioth, p. 225-L: "Jehovah created the non-Jew in human form so that the Jew would not have to be served by beasts. The non-Jew is consequently an animal in human form, and condemned to serve the Jew day and night."
Schulchan Aruch, Johre Deah, 122: "A Jew is forbidden to drink from a glass of wine which a Gentile has touched, because the touch has made the wine unclean."
Rosh Hashanah 17a: "Christians who reject the Talmud shall go to HELL and be punished there for all generations"
(Like they said Jesus is in HELL boiling in SHIT (excrement) perhaps, per https://www.brighteon.com/83442414-4300-4360-9ade-b999d9e40ca5 [brighteon.com] & where JEWS literally say "We killed Yeshua and are PROUD of it"?)
Gittin 57a: "Jesus (Jashua) is in HELL boiling in hot excrement"
In the BRIGHTEON link above, they show Jesus as a MONKEY being pounded by a hammer with nails into a cross mocking him.
Mas Yevamoth 61b: "All JEWS will have a part in the future world The Goyim at the end of the world will be handed over to the angel DUMA and sent down to hell"
(AGAIN - Bear in mind that JEWS supplied that material above, not I...)
* RACIST, megalomaniacal, murderous, lying & twisted THIEVES TO THE CORE in Khazar/AshkeNAZI fake jews!
APK
P.S.=> All I can say is "EAT SHIT Synagogue of SATAN" per John in REVELATIONS (where he states "those who say they are jews but are not" more or less in stating what they are in Khazar/AshkeNAZI fake jews who follow the above set of rules from their "book of LAW")... apk