Munich still uses 41 proprietary apps that will only run under XP or 2000. The city has estimated it will cost $18M to replace them over a 4-year span.
Nick Heath at TechRepublic reports
Windows XP and 2000 are used by fewer than 1,500 of the more than 16,000 staff at the council, which relies on the aged Microsoft systems to run 41 applications.
[...] In order to stop using Windows XP and 2000, these 41 applications will either be migrated to a newer, supported operating system, replaced with more modern software, or phased out--as part of a four year project costing €16.6M ($18.03M).
[...] Munich carried on using XP and 2000 due to these 41 applications being used for crucial work in the city, from monitoring emissions for air pollution to flood protection.
To secure the OSes, Munich ran them on virtual machines and on standalone computers, as well as using what it calls "restrictive data interchange", quarantine systems, and additional protective measures.
The council has decided to stop using these older unsupported versions of Windows now as, not only are they a security risk, but according to a report [PDF, Deutsch] they have limited support for network and data security features the council wants to use.
[...] Often it can be the case that organisations can't update the application to run on a newer OS because the people with the necessary skills are gone or the company that originally wrote the software no longer exists.
[...] The project at Munich will be split into two phases: The first will assess the work needed and the second will carry it out. Work got underway at the end of [2015] and is expected to be complete by the end of September 2019.
(Score: 4, Informative) by sudo rm -rf on Friday January 22 2016, @04:24PM
Even for a native speaker, the linked PDF is ardous to read, but what I get from it is that they are running VMs with Win 2000 and Win XP resp. on Linux machines, but also native Windows machines. The reason for EOL is discontinued support for the applications and OSes.
BUT
They want to replace this mess with an application server, ie web applications accessed by a Citrix ICAClient.
Last time I checked, ICA was a proprietary protocol by Citrix, a company that (quoting wikipedia) "licensed source code from Microsoft and has been in partnership with the company throughout its history".
As a side note from my personal experience: Have fun trying to get that citrix client (java) to run on linux.
(Score: 2) by linuxrocks123 on Friday January 22 2016, @09:14PM
When I last used Citrix, Linux had a native NPAPI plugin. It was hard to get working, but it eventually did work.