Traces of five drugs found on 1000-year-old South American ritual kit
A 1000-year-old collection of drug paraphernalia found in a rock shelter in Bolivia features traces of five psychoactive chemicals, including cocaine and components of ayahuasca. This is the largest number of psychoactive compounds detected in a single archaeological find in South America, the researchers say. The plants they come from aren't native to the highland area where they were found, so they may have been brought there by trading networks or travelling shamans.
[...] Radiocarbon dating puts the date of the bag at AD 905 to 1170, roughly coinciding with the collapse of the Tiwanaku state, a once-powerful Andean civilisation that endured for around five centuries. Drugs are thought to have played an important role in Tiwanaku culture, possibly in healing ceremonies and religious rituals believed to enable contact with the dead.
Melanie Miller at the University of Otago, New Zealand, and her colleagues used mass spectrometry to analyse samples from the pouch and plant stems. They detected five psychoactive compounds: cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BZE), bufotenine, harmine and dimethyltryptamine (DMT).
Also at Berkeley News, Science Magazine, National Geographic, and ScienceAlert.
Chemical evidence for the use of multiple psychotropic plants in a 1,000-year-old ritual bundle from South America (DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902174116) (DX)
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 10 2019, @08:26PM (2 children)
What Columbus was really after.
He perhaps needed it too, he was a high-strung dude.
(Score: 2) by Bot on Friday May 10 2019, @08:40PM (1 child)
Friendly reminder that Columbus missed his objective by a continent plus the biggest ocean. Errors of such scale were only seen quite later, when nokia did not push his smartphone and later adopted windows.
Account abandoned.
(Score: 1, Funny) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 11 2019, @06:24AM
Biggest off-by-one error ever.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 10 2019, @08:35PM (14 children)
How exactly did they arrive at this date?
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 10 2019, @09:21PM (13 children)
Hint... It was 1019 years ago.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 10 2019, @09:47PM (12 children)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Hardouin [wikipedia.org]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Johnson_(historian) [wikipedia.org]
So what exact evidence did they use to date this to that time?
(Score: 2) by c0lo on Friday May 10 2019, @10:47PM (8 children)
So what exact evidence did they use to date this to that time?
Hint: not written accounts, much less English Christian ones. 'Cause they couldn't find any in that rock shelter in Bolivia.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoFiw2jMy-0
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 10 2019, @11:27PM (7 children)
This is the tough part, because those accounts were used to calibrate the radiocarbon reference curve. Ie, this one: https://i.stack.imgur.com/SK8DR.png [imgur.com] (http://www.radiocarbon.org/IntCal13.htm)
(Score: 2) by c0lo on Friday May 10 2019, @11:46PM (6 children)
False [wikipedia.org]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoFiw2jMy-0
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 11 2019, @12:06AM (5 children)
True: https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/viewFile/3496/3012 [arizona.edu]
(Score: 2) by c0lo on Saturday May 11 2019, @12:14AM (4 children)
No texts written by English Christian monks were used for dating, then.
Which makes the method totally reliable (grin)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoFiw2jMy-0
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 11 2019, @12:37AM
The dates of ancient Egyptian artifacts primarily come from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Justus_Scaliger [wikipedia.org]
Much of his source material was the bible and what this guy found and became rich off:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poggio_Bracciolini [wikipedia.org]
All those "decaying manuscripts" that supposedly lasted 1500 years in random European libraries have since been "lost".
You can read that Libby 1961 paper to see he just took the historians word for it:
Libby, W. F. (1961). Radiocarbon Dating: The method is of increasing use to the archeologist, the geologist, the meteorologist, and the oceanographer. Science, 133(3453), 621–629. doi:10.1126/science.133.3453.621
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 11 2019, @01:11AM (1 child)
Joseph Scaligers father is also very interesting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar_Scaliger [wikipedia.org]
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 11 2019, @01:20PM
It's also interesting to look at the lifespan of all these people. Not much different from today, despite all supposed medical advances in the last 400 years.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 11 2019, @05:34PM
And his father (who was accused of making up his own family history) had a friend named Mark Antony:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1005626 [jstor.org]
This is too ridiculous. So the guy responsible for our modern chronology had a father (who it is thought made up a fake history for himself) named Julius Caesar with a friend named Mark Antony.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 10 2019, @10:52PM (2 children)
Radiocarbon dating puts the date of the bag at AD 905 to 1170. Or if you believe the Earth is flat (Dark Ages between 700 and 1400 A. D. had never occurred) then it was a wibbily wobbly timey wimey malfunction.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 10 2019, @11:31PM (1 child)
Yes, of course. But how exactly was the info plugged into this radiocarbon dating equation arrived at?
The delta-C14/delta-C12 ratio is not constant over time, so it needs to be calibrated to something else. It is possible they did this *only* by sampling from tree rings without using any (possibly incorrectly dated) historical references, but how do we find out?
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 11 2019, @12:37AM
OK... They took a wild guess.
(Score: 2) by Barenflimski on Friday May 10 2019, @08:40PM (2 children)
People that lived in the woods used the tools available to them. I'm shocked.
Speaks volumes about where we are today when this is even interesting.
Would anyone, 1000 years ago, be surprised to know that some other people around them were priests, shamans, healers and witches?
(Score: 5, Informative) by takyon on Friday May 10 2019, @09:19PM (1 child)
It's interesting that we can detect 5 psychoactive compounds after so long. And the combo is important.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 10 2019, @10:49PM
> although there’s no way to prove that the shaman at Cueva del Chileno actually brewed or administered ayahuasca from the ingredients detected in the pouch.
Maybe not prove, but I'm not aware of anything containing high enough DMT concentrations to smoke, and the oral route requires an MAOI to actually work, which yields ayahuasca. So it's at least highly suggestive, unless someone knows any other viable way they'd have used it at all.
(Score: 1, Troll) by realDonaldTrump on Friday May 10 2019, @09:24PM (4 children)
I did the Sub about Melanie Miller's interesting work. On, the Studio 54 of ancient times. And 15 minutes later, Editor Takyon did a Sub about the same story. That one got approved, mine's still waiting. Why?
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 10 2019, @09:36PM
Because it's the democratic way of doing things.
(Score: 4, Informative) by martyb on Saturday May 11 2019, @12:38AM (2 children)
First off, this question is addressed in the FAQ [soylentnews.org]. I take it you have read that?
Secondly, being first to submit a story does not guarantee that your version of the story is the one that gets published.
Here is what you submitted [soylentnews.org] and here is what takyon submitted [soylentnews.org].
Takyon's submission, though it came a few minutes later, was much more complete.
It included the radiocarbon dating that was used to determine the date of the bag. Further, his submission identified all five of the substances that were found.
Beyond those points, he also included alternate sources for the casual reader to see other media's take on the story.
Still further, his submission contained a link to the actual journal article. This is the primary article that the other articles are based on.
Lastly, let me make this abundantly clear. On several occasions I have seen complaints from you about how a comment of yours was moderated, or how a story submission was not accepted, etc. But each time, you have failed to provide a link to the item in question. Heck, even a copy/paste of the item's title would have gone a long way. I have repeatedly had to do some searching to find the item in question... when you already had it to hand. I have previously provided clear instructions in reply to comments of yours on how to copy links and include them in a comment.
I have acted in good faith in these cases. I fail to see the same from you.
This very comment is another case in point.
If you cannot bother to provide a link to the item in question, then do not expect us to bother with anything in your comment.
Wit is intellect, dancing.
(Score: 1, Redundant) by realDonaldTrump on Saturday May 11 2019, @04:34AM (1 child)
I asked, why my Sub is still waiting. Otherwise known as, Pending. You "answered" something else I didn’t ask. You didn't answer that one.
But you wrote 4 Paragraphs to say, I didn't put the Link, you wanted the Link. Which, if you'd looked at my Sub, I assume you would remember it. Without needing to look again, without needing the Link. Because it wasn't long ago at all -- Friday morning. So I assume, you hadn't looked at mine. Until I asked what was going on. You didn’t say so. But, you put up the Takyon Sub about the same story. And according to you, mine is inferior. But, you didn’t reject it. And you didn’t "merge" it. I think if you’d looked at it, if it was bad, you could reject it. And if it was OK, you could merge it. But, you didn’t do either. So I asked.
And you said, look at FAQ. At, I’m guessing, "Why didn't you post my story?" 7 "answers" to that one. And, none of them apply. Especially because nobody "declined" (rejected).
So I’m left to guess, possibly a lot of my Subs don’t get looked at. Or possibly the Editors look at them, then they do their own "version" of the story. And go with that one -- no credit to Donald J. Trump. I'm not asking for a royalty. But possibly I'm asking too much!!
(Score: 2) by martyb on Saturday May 11 2019, @12:35PM
(emphasis added)
The subject of the comment you posted, which I quoted in my reply, and which was still referenced in the subject your reply was:
That is a question.
I answered it.
As for your pending story submission, that was an oversight on my part; thank you for bringing it to my attention. I will delete it now.
Wit is intellect, dancing.
(Score: 1) by RandomFactor on Friday May 10 2019, @09:39PM (3 children)
That's new (or well, the opposite of that). Usually I've at least heard of things in passing.
В «Правде» нет известий, в «Известиях» нет правды
(Score: 4, Informative) by takyon on Friday May 10 2019, @09:55PM (2 children)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayahuasca [wikipedia.org]
Basically a brewed South American drug mix associated with shamans. It's all the rage right now with the hip crowd. It contains a variety of substances (differing from brew to brew), but typically contains DMT [wikipedia.org]. Unlike the DMT "businessman's trip", the effects can last for hours and likely include some vomiting.
Scientists Prolong Length of DMT Trips [soylentnews.org]
Amazonian Psychedelic May Ease Severe Depression, New Study Shows [soylentnews.org]
and a bonus: "The new ayahuasca is kambo" [soylentnews.org]
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 1) by RandomFactor on Friday May 10 2019, @10:12PM (1 child)
Well that explains me never having heard of it at least :-p
Three strikes in a row
Aaaand two bonus strikes. I think we're done here.
В «Правде» нет известий, в «Известиях» нет правды
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday May 10 2019, @10:41PM
>> Prior to the ceremony, participant are instructed to abstain from spicy foods, red meat and sex.
> Three strikes in a row
Everything I've read is more about avoiding foods with serotonin precursors (tryptophan, etc) long enough to clear it out before taking the MAOI-containing brew, to avoid serotonin syndrome. If there's sound rationale for the other things, it's still just some temporary prep phase leading up to the trip, maybe a day to a week of it, I think. It's not about living that way.
>> The ceremony is usually accompanied with purging which include vomiting and diarrhea
> Aaaand two bonus strikes. I think we're done here.
Oh, don't worry, those are nothing in the face of the eternity in an utterly alien reality, anyway ;)
(Score: -1, Troll) by NPC-131073 on Friday May 10 2019, @11:07PM (2 children)
How many $$$$$ did they confiscate and how many brown people did they put in jail? No wonder those Mexicans live in mud huts. All they do is get hopped up on goofballs all the time and rape white women!
Build that wall! Build that wall! Build that wall!
Trump! Trump! Trump!
(Score: 2) by Snospar on Friday May 10 2019, @11:12PM (1 child)
You're busy "tonight"... are you in my hemisphere?
No, I hope we don't meet.
Huge thanks to all the Soylent volunteers without whom this community (and this post) would not be possible.
(Score: 2) by realDonaldTrump on Friday May 17 2019, @03:46AM
Somebody that wrote 1 Tweet in 4 months, I wouldn't say that's a busy person.
(Score: 2) by Snospar on Friday May 10 2019, @11:10PM (1 child)
I'd be more interested if this story stated they could track this drug use through the genome and see whether these were "wasters" or "innovaters" or whatever... If it's just "for religious purposes" I'll be disappointed... but not surprised.
Huge thanks to all the Soylent volunteers without whom this community (and this post) would not be possible.
(Score: 2) by takyon on Saturday May 11 2019, @01:05AM
Some religions are cooler than others. Like the ones where you are a shaman wandering around with cool drugs in your fox snout bag.
[SIG] 10/28/2017: Soylent Upgrade v14 [soylentnews.org]
(Score: 4, Funny) by Gaaark on Saturday May 11 2019, @12:00AM (2 children)
(Soft knocks at the door)
CHONG: Who is it?
CHEECH: It's me, Dave. Open up, man, I got the stuff.
(More knocks)
CHONG: Who is it?
CHEECH: It's me, Dave, man. Open up, I got the stuff.
CHONG: Who?
CHEECH: It's, Dave, man. Open up, I think the cops saw me come in here.
(More knocks)
CHONG: Who is it?
CHEECH: It's, Dave, man. Will you open up, I got the stuff with me.
CHONG: Who?
CHEECH: Dave, man. Open up.
CHONG: Dave?
CHEECH: Yeah, Dave. C'mon, man, open up, I think the cops saw me.
CHONG: Dave's not here.
CHEECH: No, man, I'm Dave, man.
(Sharp knocks at the door)
CHEECH: Hey, c'mon, man.
CHONG: Who is it?
CHEECH: It's Dave, man. Will you open up? I got the stuff with me.
CHONG: Who?
CHEECH: Dave, man. Open up.
CHONG: Dave?
CHEECH: Yeah, Dave.
CHONG: Dave's not here.
CHEECH: What the hell? No, man, I am Dave, man. Will you...
(More knocks)
CHEECH: C'mon! Open up the door, will you? I got the stuff with me, I think the cops saw me.
CHONG: Who is it?
CHEECH: Oh, what the hell is it... c'mon. Open up the door! It's Dave!
CHONG: Who?
CHEECH: Dave! D-A-V-E! Will you open up the goddam door!
CHONG: Dave?
CHEECH: Yeah, Dave!
CHONG: Dave?
CHEECH: Right, man. Dave. Now will you open up the door?
CHONG: Dave's not here
--- Please remind me if I haven't been civil to you: I'm channeling MDC. ---Gaaark 2.0 ---
(Score: 2) by captain normal on Saturday May 11 2019, @01:39AM (1 child)
he...he...That's kinda like some of the threads here on S/N.
"It is easier to fool someone than it is to convince them that they have been fooled" Mark Twain
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 11 2019, @03:31AM
What thread?!