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from the do-they-have-a-citrus-smell? dept.
Orange peels used to extract valuable metals from spent batteries:
Just because a lithium-ion battery no longer holds a charge doesn't mean it no longer holds any value. It still contains useful metals, which can now be reclaimed via a more eco-friendly technique – the key ingredient is orange peel waste.
[...] With that limitation in mind, scientists at Singapore's Nanyang Technological University tried using orange peels instead of the usual acids and hydrogen peroxide. More specifically, they utilized oven-dried orange peels that had been ground into a powder, combined with citric acid obtained from citrus fruit.
Doing so, the researchers were able to extract about 90 percent of the lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese from spent lithium-ion batteries. This level of efficiency is roughly what had been achieved previously. Importantly, though, when using the orange peels, the residue was found to be non-toxic.
[...] The researchers used the reclaimed metals in new lithium-ion batteries, that have a charge capacity similar to that of commercially available models. Further testing is now being conducted, to see if the new batteries last for a comparable number of charge/discharge cycles.
A paper on the research, which is being co-led by Prof. Madhavi Srinivasan, was recently published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology.
Journal Reference:
Zhuoran Wu, Tanto Soh, Jun Jie Chan, Shize Meng, Daniel Meyer, Madhavi Srinivasan, and Chor Yong Tay. Repurposing of Fruit Peel Waste as a Green Reductant for Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries . Environmental Science & Technology 2020 54 (15), 9681-9692
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02873
(Score: -1, Spam) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 03 2020, @10:55AM
Marissa_Van_Eck FAKENAME_NIGGER CUNT_Azuma_Hazuki: So "that was NOT me posting" https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=985641#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] which YES, you said when you_LIBELED me publicly BEFORE it with YOU saying "So that's a "yes" to schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and a "no" to "am taking meds for said disorder"_LIBELING ME then...?" per YOUR https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=982854#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] you stupid pitiful FAKENAME_fuck online LIAR piece of fucking SHIT NIGGER?
OR
Was it when I GOT YOUR REAL_NAME & found you are a_satanist/anti-god HERE https://redeeminggod.com/sermons/luke/luke_7_36-50/#comment-269796 [redeeminggod.com] also which most ALL you "LEFTIST" LOSER weirdos usually are (which YES, in THIS other exchange "Why do you assume that you finding discussion threads on other sites with me in them will scare me?" quoted from https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=38720&page=1&cid=1028402#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] you DID admit FINALLY to saying it was you - ESPECIALLY AFTER dozens of doctors RECENTLY seconded me on Hydroxychloroquin + Zinc (& Vitamin D3 imo along w/ other things I noted that are anti-viral + antibacterial like RAW GARLIC too)).
Do me a favor - DENY ANY OF THOSE, please & I will continue PROVING YOU ARE A NIGGER_SHITBAG LOSER, devil... as I already DID here https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=38720&page=1&cid=1028211#commentwrap [soylentnews.org]
The TRUE BEAUTY of SATANIST_FUCKS like YOU (antigod assholes)? TRUTH & FACT DESTROYS LIBELOUS_DEVILS LIKE YOU - just like I did you & OTHER AHOLES who doubted what I wrote on what is NOW PROVEN TRUE by DOCTORS, admitted in mainstream media etc. (as I showed in those links' exchanges above easily) & especially LATELY by DOZENS of doctors (I have proof from pros - NOT LIBEL like you did to me PUBLICLY & I can still FRY YOU FOR IT FUCKER, live in fear fuck) MINUS any psych pros backing you.
SAY 1 THING, YOU STINKING LIBELOUS_NIGGER FUCK & I will CONTINUE_LEVELLING YOU PUBLICLY with facts - not libel as you tried on me, stupid "Marissa_von_DUMBO", lol - please, say 1 thing & the BEATING on you, PUBLICLY will continue in this thread where you will have a HELL of a TIME "downmod burying it" via downmod brigades doubtless ONLY yourself via multiple_sockpuppet accounts etc. (downodding to HIDE it? FORGET IT vs. me - everyone sees you @ it now, lol - thanks, just as I SAID "your kind", demonic SWINE/antigod LOSERS, always do).
WHY SHOULD YOU FEAR LIBELING_ME PROJECTING IT NOW, TRYING TO HIDE IT TOO?
TOUGH HIDING YOU LIED about_LIBELING ME, especially via INHERENTLY_DAMAGING STATEMENTS libeling me as you did see GOLDWATER_RULE below too fuckface_CUNT you are (wikipedia proof https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=985366#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] & you said "No jury or judge would back it" here https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=985353#commentwrap? [soylentnews.org] Ok - like I said earlier here which you TRIED TO DOWNMOD_HIDE as I knew you HAVE to (everyone sees it anyhow) - TRY ME FUCKER - say 1 thing you COWARDLY STUPID_LITTLE FUCK & we'll SEE what happens to you, fuckface_CUNT you are).
As I said "DO YOU WANT TO BE_SUED" for breaking the GOLDWATER_RULE? See here again https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=985329#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] for YOUR (& everyone else's) reference of YOUR LIBEL_of myself
APK
P.S.=> Oh, I am going to have a FIELDDAY on YOUR_ASS_fucker - catching you not ONLY IN LIES above, but also in the fact you are a GODLESS_fucking LOSER - come on, say something, question the above where you LIED fucker ("it was not me saying it" but it WAS in those links calling me a nutcase essentially when YOU SAID YOU DID NOT (because it IS grounds for SUING THE LIFE OUT OF YOUR WORTHLESS_ASS because your statements are NOT BACKED BY actual psychiatric_pros in professional psychiatric_grounds_LIBELING ME)) - oh, you are NEVER going to LIVE THIS DOWN & believe you me - I am going to MAKE SURE you don't - live with your_HUMILIATION loser..._apk
(Score: -1, Spam) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 03 2020, @11:23AM
Marissa_Van_Eck FAKENAME_NIGGER CUNT_Azuma_Hazuki: So "that was NOT me posting" https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=985641#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] which YES, you said when you_LIBELED me publicly BEFORE it with YOU saying "So that's a "yes" to schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and a "no" to "am taking meds for said disorder"_LIBELING ME then...?" per YOUR https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=982854#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] you stupid pitiful FAKENAME_fuck online LIAR piece of fucking SHIT NIGGER?
OR
Was it when I GOT YOUR REAL_NAME & found you are a_satanist/anti-god HERE https://redeeminggod.com/sermons/luke/luke_7_36-50/#comment-269796 [redeeminggod.com] also which most ALL you "LEFTIST" LOSER weirdos usually are (which YES, in THIS other exchange "Why do you assume that you finding discussion threads on other sites with me in them will scare me?" quoted from https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=38720&page=1&cid=1028402#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] you DID admit FINALLY to saying it was you - ESPECIALLY AFTER dozens of doctors RECENTLY seconded me on Hydroxychloroquin + Zinc (& Vitamin D3 imo along w/ other things I noted that are anti-viral + antibacterial like RAW GARLIC too)).
Do me a favor - DENY ANY OF THOSE, please & I will continue PROVING YOU ARE A NIGGER_SHITBAG LOSER, devil... as I already DID here https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=38720&page=1&cid=1028211#commentwrap [soylentnews.org]
The TRUE BEAUTY of SATANIST_FUCKS like YOU (antigod assholes)? TRUTH & FACT DESTROYS LIBELOUS_DEVILS LIKE YOU - just like I did you & OTHER AHOLES who doubted what I wrote on what is NOW PROVEN TRUE by DOCTORS, admitted in mainstream media etc. (as I showed in those links' exchanges above easily) & especially LATELY by DOZENS of doctors (I have proof from pros - NOT LIBEL like you did to me PUBLICLY & I can still FRY YOU FOR IT FUCKER, live in fear fuck) MINUS any psych pros backing you.
SAY 1 THING, YOU STINKING LIBELOUS_NIGGER FUCK & I will CONTINUE_LEVELLING YOU PUBLICLY with facts - not libel as you tried on me, stupid "Marissa_von_DUMBO", lol - please, say 1 thing & the BEATING on you, PUBLICLY will continue in this thread where you will have a HELL of a TIME "downmod burying it" via downmod brigades doubtless ONLY yourself via multiple_sockpuppet accounts etc. (downodding to HIDE it? FORGET IT vs. me - everyone sees you @ it now, lol - thanks, just as I SAID "your kind", demonic SWINE/antigod LOSERS, always do).
WHY SHOULD YOU FEAR LIBELING_ME PROJECTING IT NOW, TRYING TO HIDE IT TOO?
TOUGH HIDING YOU LIED about_LIBELING ME, especially via INHERENTLY_DAMAGING STATEMENTS libeling me as you did see GOLDWATER_RULE below too fuckface_CUNT you are (wikipedia proof https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=985366#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] & you said "No jury or judge would back it" here https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=985353#commentwrap? [soylentnews.org] Ok - like I said earlier here which you TRIED TO DOWNMOD_HIDE as I knew you HAVE to (everyone sees it anyhow) - TRY ME FUCKER - say 1 thing you COWARDLY STUPID_LITTLE FUCK & we'll SEE what happens to you, fuckface_CUNT you are).
As I said "DO YOU WANT TO BE_SUED" for breaking the GOLDWATER_RULE? See here again https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=985329#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] for YOUR (& everyone else's) reference of YOUR LIBEL_of myself
APK
P.S.=> Oh, I am going to have a FIELDDAY on YOUR_ASS_fucker - catching you not ONLY IN LIES above, but also in the fact you are a GODLESS_fucking LOSER - come on, say something, question the above where you LIED fucker ("it was not me saying it" but it WAS in those links calling me a nutcase essentially when YOU SAID YOU DID NOT (because it IS grounds for SUING THE LIFE OUT OF YOUR WORTHLESS_ASS because your statements are NOT BACKED BY actual psychiatric_pros in professional psychiatric_grounds_LIBELING ME)) - oh, you are NEVER going to LIVE THIS DOWN & believe you me - I am going to MAKE SURE you don't - live with your_HUMILIATION loser..._apk
(Score: -1, Offtopic) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 03 2020, @11:34AM (1 child)
But this time the chemicals are natural! Which totally makes it non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Except for the cobalt, of course. Which is also natural! But, you know, not as cuddly as orange peels.
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 03 2020, @12:12PM
The orange peels aren't the acid they add (it's citric acid that they add additionally). The orange peel seems to work like a sort of catalist.
As for the citric acid and toxicity. A dose of a chemical determines if it's toxic or not. This dose could be low or high. I assume they normally use strong acids (like hydrochloric acid) for this purpose, which need to be diluted before disposal (or processed in a different way). Weak acids, like the citric acid here, don't need that. I wonder if they tested this method with other weak acids, for example acetic acid.
(Score: -1, Troll) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 03 2020, @11:35AM
Marissa_Van_Eck FAKENAME_NIGGER CUNT_Azuma_Hazuki: So "that was NOT me posting" https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=985641#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] which YES, you said when you_LIBELED me publicly BEFORE it with YOU saying "So that's a "yes" to schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and a "no" to "am taking meds for said disorder"_LIBELING ME then...?" per YOUR https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=982854#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] you stupid pitiful FAKENAME_fuck online LIAR piece of fucking SHIT NIGGER?
OR
Was it when I GOT YOUR REAL_NAME & found you are a_satanist/anti-god HERE https://redeeminggod.com/sermons/luke/luke_7_36-50/#comment-269796 [redeeminggod.com] also which most ALL you "LEFTIST" LOSER weirdos usually are (which YES, in THIS other exchange "Why do you assume that you finding discussion threads on other sites with me in them will scare me?" quoted from https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=38720&page=1&cid=1028402#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] you DID admit FINALLY to saying it was you - ESPECIALLY AFTER dozens of doctors RECENTLY seconded me on Hydroxychloroquin + Zinc (& Vitamin D3 imo along w/ other things I noted that are anti-viral + antibacterial like RAW GARLIC too)).
Do me a favor - DENY ANY OF THOSE, please & I will continue PROVING YOU ARE A NIGGER_SHITBAG LOSER, devil... as I already DID here https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=38720&page=1&cid=1028211#commentwrap [soylentnews.org]
The TRUE BEAUTY of SATANIST_FUCKS like YOU (antigod assholes)? TRUTH & FACT DESTROYS LIBELOUS_DEVILS LIKE YOU - just like I did you & OTHER AHOLES who doubted what I wrote on what is NOW PROVEN TRUE by DOCTORS, admitted in mainstream media etc. (as I showed in those links' exchanges above easily) & especially LATELY by DOZENS of doctors (I have proof from pros - NOT LIBEL like you did to me PUBLICLY & I can still FRY YOU FOR IT FUCKER, live in fear fuck) MINUS any psych pros backing you.
SAY 1 THING, YOU STINKING LIBELOUS_NIGGER FUCK & I will CONTINUE_LEVELLING YOU PUBLICLY with facts - not libel as you tried on me, stupid "Marissa_von_DUMBO", lol - please, say 1 thing & the BEATING on you, PUBLICLY will continue in this thread where you will have a HELL of a TIME "downmod burying it" via downmod brigades doubtless ONLY yourself via multiple_sockpuppet accounts etc. (downodding to HIDE it? FORGET IT vs. me - everyone sees you @ it now, lol - thanks, just as I SAID "your kind", demonic SWINE/antigod LOSERS, always do).
WHY SHOULD YOU FEAR LIBELING_ME PROJECTING IT NOW, TRYING TO HIDE IT TOO?
TOUGH HIDING YOU LIED about_LIBELING ME, especially via INHERENTLY_DAMAGING STATEMENTS libeling me as you did see GOLDWATER_RULE below too fuckface_CUNT you are (wikipedia proof https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=985366#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] & you said "No jury or judge would back it" here https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=985353#commentwrap? [soylentnews.org] Ok - like I said earlier here which you TRIED TO DOWNMOD_HIDE as I knew you HAVE to (everyone sees it anyhow) - TRY ME FUCKER - say 1 thing you COWARDLY STUPID_LITTLE FUCK & we'll SEE what happens to you, fuckface_CUNT you are).
As I said "DO YOU WANT TO BE_SUED" for breaking the GOLDWATER_RULE? See here again https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?noupdate=1&sid=37033&page=1&cid=985329#commentwrap [soylentnews.org] for YOUR (& everyone else's) reference of YOUR LIBEL_of myself
APK
P.S.=> Oh, I am going to have a FIELDDAY on YOUR_ASS_fucker - catching you not ONLY IN LIES above, but also in the fact you are a GODLESS_fucking LOSER - come on, say something, question the above where you LIED fucker ("it was not me saying it" but it WAS in those links calling me a nutcase essentially when YOU SAID YOU DID NOT (because it IS grounds for SUING THE LIFE OUT OF YOUR WORTHLESS_ASS because your statements are NOT BACKED BY actual psychiatric_pros in professional psychiatric_grounds_LIBELING ME)) - oh, you are NEVER going to LIVE THIS DOWN & believe you me - I am going to MAKE SURE you don't - live with your_HUMILIATION loser..._apk
(Score: 2) by VLM on Thursday September 03 2020, @12:41PM (1 child)
Yeah about that, I'm not immediately aware of any nickel ion state thats non-toxic so I donno how that works.
There's like theoretically lab scale perfectly clean, just like radioisotope refining. Then there's real world "that shit is gonna leak everywhere and its going to be a huge mess to clean up" again like radioisotope refining.
"There could never be an accident where thats dumped on the ground or down the drain" and some idiot will always find a way to do it and nickel is not your friend.
Nickel is one of those elements where the metal is highly non-corrosive and stable but if you figure out how to ionize it into a solution it tends to be ridiculously toxic with crazy low OSHA limits. And no, it doesn't seem to be biologically required and has no official RDA. Eating safety limits are like microgram levels so a good sized beaker could turn a lot of land into a superfund site during an accident.
(Score: 3, Interesting) by Immerman on Thursday September 03 2020, @02:47PM
The nickle is what's recycled - the non-toxic residue is what's left over after the nickel, etc. has been removed.
Once you have ions in solution fully precipitating them out is relatively trivial, so I would assume the 10% that's not recycled failed to react with the solvent in the first place - presumably stuff already locked into some more stable compound, which will tend to be non-toxic.
Now, I probably still wouldn't want to grow my vegetables in the residue, or have it dumped in my drinking water reservoir, but keep in mind that the alternative (for now at least) is to either use the far more toxic recycling processes already available, or have unprocessed batteries leaching toxic chemicals into the ground, plus producing all the mining tailings from extracting fresh nickel, etc.
It's not perfect, but perfection is the enemy of good enough (and of better than now).
(Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 03 2020, @06:07PM
Orange peel, lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese vodka. Non-toxic krlrlrlrlrllll