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The other day, I had the opportunity to take a 5 hour tour of the Hanford Site in Washington State. I figured I’d do a write up of my experience for the curious. I’m not a great writer and mainly going off memory here, so apologies if I make any factual errors.

First, a little background. The Hanford site is located near Richland in South East Washington. During World War 2 and throughout the cold war, they were responsible for enriching Uranium into Plutonium for our nuclear weapons program. Plutonium from Hanford was used in the first atomic bomb detonated in the Trinity test, and in the “Fat Man” atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki. It is also home of the “B” reactor, the world’s first plutonium production reactor. These days Hanford is known as being the most contaminated nuclear site in the United States.

After getting up at 2 AM in order to reach in Richland in time for the 7:30 AM tour start, we arrived in a nondescript business park in the industrial section of the city. Our IDs were checked, we were given badges, and forced to surrender phones, cameras, and other recording devices (sorry! no pictures). We were then ushered into a small conference room with a television. Our tour guide, a retired nuclear engineer, introduced himself and we watched a cheesy video. Then we boarded a bus and began the drive to the site.

During the journey, we passed by the fuel processing facility for the Columbia Generating Station which is near the Hanford site. The Columbia Generating Station is the only operating nuclear power plant in Washington State and produces 1,170 megawatts of electricity.

Shortly before leaving Richland, we took a brief stop at the HAMMER training area. This is where workers at the Hanford Site train to deal with radiation and other hazards they may encounter. That facility was quite extensive, but we only got to see an above-ground replica of the tanks that were used to dispose of liquid nuclear waste. There are around 200 of these tanks buried on the site, and each tank can hold 500,000 to 1,000,000 gallons of waste. The main purpose of the facility at Hammer is to attempt to develop new tools and technology to remove the remaining waste from the older (and leaking) single walled tanks into newer and safer double walled tanks for storage until the Vitrification plant is completed. Our guide explained that all of the liquid that could be pumped out of the old tanks had already been removed. The trouble is that over time, the waste in the tanks settled at the bottom of the tanks. It’s an interesting engineering problem because this “sludge” is highly toxic, often corrosive, and radioactive. Some of the remaining material has a consistency like peanut butter and some is more like a hard salt cake. The current strategy seems to be lowering robots down the 1 foot wide access tube and breaking up the waste with high pressure water.

We left the HAMMER facility and began our journey to the actual site. We passed the Columbia Generating Station run by Energy Northwest on the way. It sits right on the edge of the Columbia river. We didn’t get very close to it, but it didn’t look like what most people imagine a Nuclear Power plant looks like. It’s a newer version of the infamous Fukushima reactor in Japan. An unremarkable industrial building with several short cooling towers giving off steam. The plant is a closed loop plant, which means that the water that is heated by the reactor to drive the steam turbines never makes contact with the outside world. After it goes through the turbines, it is pumped into the cooling towers where the pipes are cooled evaporatively with water from the Columbia River, which is returned to the river after being allowed to cool off.

After about a 10 minute drive, we hit the security gate. An armed guard in a military-style uniform waved us on the site. I don’t know if they actually use the military to guard the facility, and I saw many private security guards around some of the construction sites.

Now we were on the site itself. It’s worth mentioning that the vast majority of Hanford is just empty desert. If you ignore the lack of farms, suspicious number of high tension power lines, and little yellow “Danger: Radiation” signs you see everywhere, you’d have little indication that you are on a nuclear site. Most of the facilities have been torn down or cocooned. Occasionally you’ll see a flat spot or a concrete pad where a building used to be. I even saw an old road running through the road we were on at a 45 degree angle. It looked like they’d just added a 2 foot layer of dirt and paved the road we were traveling on right over it.

The part we were currently in was where the reactors were built. Most of these have been completely shut down and closed off, and there was very little activity in this area. It’s also the old site of the towns of Hanford and White Bluffs, which were reclaimed when the site was founded. Very little remained of the towns. Hanford High School and the White Bluffs Bank are the only structures that are still standing. The only other evidence of the towns are the old trees planted by the residents. Trees in that part of the state are pretty rare. You could usually get a good idea of where the old buildings are by looking for them. For instance, near where the Hanford railroad station used to be are a row of trees planted neatly next to the railroad tracks.

The first building we passed that was part of the actual facility was the fuel processing plant, where fuel would be prepared for the reactors. This building hadn’t been torn down yet because the ground under it was highly contaminated. The building itself is blocking the radiation in the ground. They are currently trying to figure out a way to remove the contaminated soil without collapsing the building on top of it. One idea was to remove the soil underneath the building slowly and backfill it as they went.

The reactors themselves were mostly shrouded in concrete, de-fueled, and closed off. Unfortunately, they weren’t very exciting to look at. Basically just three to four story tall windowless concrete buildings. The first two we saw were involved in the generation of enriched uranium for our nuclear weapons program. There were another two smaller reactors that were used as research reactors. These had the classic concrete domed structures you’d expect to see. Only one of the reactors at Hanford was actually used for power generation. Although safer than the Chernobyl reactor, it was shut down shortly after the disaster because it had a similar design. The reactors were given letter names roughly alphabetically. The “K” reactors are an interesting exception. During the construction of the first K reactor, a problem was found with the design, so they built a re-designed version only yards away. Eventually they were able to fix the problem with the first reactor and they now stand side by side.

The “B” reactor was our first time off the bus. It’s about 4 stories tall and the first production reactor in the world. Fuel produced at the plant was used in the Trinity test device, and the “Fat Man” bomb dropped on Nagasaki. We were led inside the plant, and after a short hallway we were standing feet from the face of the reactor. The reactor itself was about 3 stories tall, and had hundreds of high-pressure water pipes and countless valves leading to the pipes. There were several cranes and gantries that were used to make adjustments, add fuel, and preform maintenance. After watching a short video, we were allowed to explore the building for about a half hour. A lot of the building was roped off, but apparently you can explore more of it during the specific reactor tours.

The control room might be of particular interest to the folks here. It’s remarkable how sophisticated the all-analog equipment was. Instead of CRTs or LCD displays, spools of paper unwound behind glass panels while arms tracked performance of the reactor by drawing on the paper. There was an entire wall of gauges monitoring the water pressure of all the previously mentioned pipes going into the face of the reactor. These were plumbed directly into the reactor. Behind the panel was a small access hallway with a dizzying array of pipes and valves servicing the gauges. I imagine it was rather loud in the control room when it was operating.

All these pipes and valves were serviced by a pumphouse (a separate building) that would filter and pump millions of gallons of water through the reactor directly from the Columbia river. The water would emerge moments later nearly boiling (not bad for a pile of rocks) and be pumped off to a cooling pit, then pumped directly back into the Columbia river.

This area of the site had quite a bit more activity than where the other reactors were. Once we boarded the bus again, dump trucks carrying loads of contaminated dirt were a common sight. Our guide also pointed out some of the areas where the tanks were buried. The tank sites were all roped off and there were little yellow radiation signs every 5 feet or so in a grid. There wasn’t much to see aboveground. Just shallow hills with pipes sticking out of the ground, some electrical boxes, fire hydrants, and concrete blocks to protect them from vehicles.

We continued on to the area where the irradiated uranium from the reactors was refined and processed into plutonium for the nuclear weapons. I suspect this was the main reason for the tight security as the next set of buildings would create diplomatic incidents if discovered in the wrong countries. Here things were very busy. Most of the processing plants were in the process of being entombed or decommissioned, and there were lots of construction vehicles and trailers surrounding the plants. The plants themselves were pretty generic looking. Five story tall windowless concrete buildings, probably about 200 meters long with a single smokestack at one end. Most of them had loading docks for trucks, and one of them even had a door over railroad tracks so the material could be unloaded directly inside.

For obvious reasons, we couldn’t get very close to the processing plants. We did watch a short video about them on the bus. This told the story of the “McCluskey Room” in the Plutonium Finishing Plant. While Harold McCluskey was extracting Americium in a glove box, there was an explosion and the entire room was covered in radioactive material and nitric acid. McCluskey was exposed to the highest dose of radiation from americium ever recorded, and the room was sealed off. Only recently have workers been able to re-enter the room and begin decontaminating it. The Plutonium Finishing plant still stands, but is likely to be demolished within the next year or two. If you’re interested in seeing it, you’d better sign up for a tour soon! McCluskey died of natural causes in 1987 at age 75.

The Plutonium Finishing Plant (“Z plant”) was the last step in plutonium construction at the site. It was also one of the most heavily guarded sites at Hanford. After the plutonium “buttons” were produced, they were stored in a heavily guarded vault on the site. The last plutonium stored there left the facility in 2009, along with the armed guards and heavy restrictions on the employees of the facility.

The tour shifted gears here. Now the focus was much heavier on the decontamination efforts and the purposes of some of the new buildings and the ones under construction. Our next stop was the “Environmental Restoration Disposal Facility” err, landfill. This was where low level nuclear waste and hazardous materials such as asbestos and lead were buried. If you’ve ever been to a conventional landfill you have a pretty good idea of what this looked like. The waste is sealed in large plastic bags and dumped into pits. Water trucks and workers spraying the smooth, sandy ground with hoses were everywhere, giving the site an appearance eerily similar to a beach. The air quality is heavily monitored in the area.

We had two stops left on our tour. The first stop was a water treatment plant specializing in treating groundwater in the area. As you’d expect, it’s a dizzying array of shiny pipes and tanks. Water is pumped up from the contaminated aquifer, treated with microbes that absorb the radiation, then returned to the aquifer in strategic locations in an attempt to flush out the contamination. The water that leaves the plant is safe enough to drink. The radioactive microbe slurry is deposited into dump trucks, then ferried off for further processing, or to be put in the landfill.

Our final stop on the site was the vitrification plant. Along the way we passed a large pit containing the spent reactors from nuclear submarines and ships. The vitrification plant has been under construction since the early 2000s and is expected (provided funding doesn’t dry up) to be completed sometime around 2030. It’s a massive facility that will separate and process the high-level nuclear waste located in the tank farms and elsewhere into a glasslike substance. The glass is very stable, and will be put in steel canisters until the radiation decays. The original plan was to ship the canisters to Yucca mountain, but with that project on hold, it is uncertain what the fate of the nuclear waste will be.

As we drove out of the site, we also passed the LIGO Hanford observatory. It is unrelated to the Hanford site, but it was pretty neat to see anyway. Apparently scientists are firing lasers down 4KM long tubes to attempt to detect gravity waves. There is a sister site in Louisiana to rule out any false readings from local interference. I don’t know much more about it, but the facility was very impressive.

Hanford offers tours of the site to the public. The 5 hour tour that we went on was focused more the decontamination efforts and requires that participants have US citizenship and ID. There were also no cameras, phones, or recording devices allowed on the 5 hour tour. If you are more interested in the Historic B Reactor, they also offer a shorter tour of that, and you can bring your cell phones and cameras. I’d recommend the B reactor tour if you’re more interested in the historical and technology side. The B reactor also looks like a multiplayer map in Half-Life, so it’d probably fun if you’re into industrial/nuclear porn.

With the upheaval at Reddit, it seems Voat.co should be thriving as the heir apparent. Yet it seems like every time I try to visit them, they are overloaded. I'm not sure what's going on, but it's clear they have a huge opportunity here and are apparently squandering it.

Looks like we're about to hit 200,000 posts today.

On the old green site I've seen a few complaints about the default theme here. Maybe it would be worthwhile to switch to Night Mode as the default?

Instead of adding the additional line break and "[Editor's Comment: Original Submission]" to each post, why not put the link to the original submission in the "writes" part of the existing format?

So instead of this:

User writes:

It would be:

User writes:

I've recently come into possession of a Wang 720A/B Reference manual. My late uncle owned the Wang and hadn't been able to find a manual anywhere. Turns out, it was at my Grandmother's house. I was a bit suspicious because Grandpa had been dead for more than a decade, but I didn't ask any questions.

I don't understand why a Wang would need a reference manual in the first place, (even your mother can use one with little to no training or instruction) but here I am looking at one.

Does anyone have any suggestions on discussion groups / websites that might be interested in seeing pictures of my Wang (Reference Manual). Although demand for my Wang (Reference Manual) is at record low levels, I suspect a niche group somewhere has been itching for this.

Maybe the sad reality is that nobody cares about my Wang (reference manual). Sometimes it can feel that way.

The Mighty Gewg has noted I am someone with an aberrant sense of right and wrong. Thanks for the complement, good sir. It is better to be the devil's advocate than a groupthinker.

Here's another rejected submission, which in retrospect shows the submitter's bias a bit, and isn't really tech-related enough for the site. There are probably better examples of the impact of social media, although I don't think any are quite as sustained as these folks. It is interesting that the advocate for the child has only been recently appointed.

GungnirSniper [soylentnews.org] writes:

In one of the stranger stories that shows the effects of social media, a judge issued an arrest order Tuesday for a Florida woman, Heather Hironimus, who fled with her son to prevent his childhood circumcision. The unmarried parents of the boy, now 4, had previously signed a court-approved "parenting plan" that included the boy's circumcision. Potential surgeons have backed out after the mother's refuses consent or becoming the target of anti-circumcision protesters who side with her. [charlotteobserver.com]

An army of special interest groups opposed to circumcision has rallied behind the mom. With websites and local demonstrations, these so-called "intactivists" have closely followed the parents' yearlong battle over the boy, named Chase. [sun-sentinel.com] Neither the boy's mother nor father, Dennis Nebus, are Jewish. He has said he believes circumcision is "just the normal thing to do."

The intactivists have a website [chasesguardians.org] and a Facebook page [facebook.com] dedicated to their cause which allows them to coordinate messaging to doctors considering taking part. As one writer experienced, an intactivist followed her in the supermarket to question her opinions about the topic. [time.com]

The Centers for Disease Control recently came out in favor of circumcision [drugs.com] despite efforts by the Internet activists.

The attorney for the mother said he filed a motion to have a court-appointed guardian ad litem for the boy [local10.com] and is seeking to have a mental health professional evaluate the boy's "emotional state" to determine if circumcision is "something that would be advisable." He said the goal is to make sure the child "has an independent voice" and isn't caught up in his parents' squabble." "It's the boy who's really going to have to live the rest of his life with the decision."

Here's a recent rejected submission that I thought this was weekend-worthy, although in retrospect it's not particularly well written. It's a good sign it got rejected, since it means the editors are getting enough stuff to work with. :)

GungnirSniper [soylentnews.org] writes:

DNAinfo is reporting the elementary (typically ages 5-11) Public School 116 in the Manhattan neighborhood of Kips Bay is "abolishing traditional homework assignments and telling kids to play instead." [dnainfo.com] Jane Hsu, the school's principal, sent a letter to parents that states:

"The topic of homework has received a lot of attention lately, and the negative effects of homework have been well established."

"They include: children’s frustration and exhaustion, lack of time for other activities and family time and, sadly for many, loss of interest in learning."

"In fact, you may be surprised to learn that there have been a variety of studies conducted on the effects of homework in the elementary grades and not one of them could provide any evidence that directly links traditional homework practices with current, or even future, academic success."

Instead of traditional homework such as math problems, they are giving the students menus of ideas that such as visiting a park with a friend, playing chess with a parent, conversations with relatives, unstructured reading, writing a poem about snow, or measuring the perimeter of a household object. The activities have a time requirement of only 20 minutes, and do not require a successful completion, only an attempt.

As one may guess, the concept was not universally embraced. [dnainfo.com] Joe Fiordaliso, president of Community Education Council for District 3 said:

"Here's an analogy: my kids are taking piano lessons," Fiordaliso said. "If they don't practice in between lessons, how are they going to advance beyond Yankee Doodle and ever think about playing something by Chopin?"

Some parents have started spending time fill out their child's education by creating their own assignments. Another parent notes:

"I give him extra work, though. I go to Barnes & Nobles and give him my own homework."

Perhaps getting the parents more involved was part of the idea all along. A further statement from the principal said:

"We are creating opportunities for students and their families to engage in activities that research has proven to benefit academic and social-emotional success in the elementary grades. We look forward to seeing the positive impact our newly-designed homework options will have on our students and their families."

No word if "Hello World" was part of the assignment menus.

There was a provocative SoylentNews' Michael Brown Shooting Discussions: Six Months Later story that showed up earlier today.

I've been reading through the comments, and I've noticed that a lot of perfectly fine comments have been incorrectly modded down.

For the good of the community and for freedom of expression, the comments linked to below should be modded up:

• https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?sid=6450&cid=154929 [soylentnews.org]
• https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?sid=6450&cid=154988 [soylentnews.org]
• https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?sid=6450&cid=155015 [soylentnews.org]
• https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?sid=6450&cid=154907 [soylentnews.org]
• https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?sid=6450&cid=155043 [soylentnews.org]
• https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?sid=6450&cid=154871 [soylentnews.org]
• https://soylentnews.org/comments.pl?sid=6450&cid=154900 [soylentnews.org]

We really need to find a way to better avoid abusive mis-moderation like that. Even with the recent changes, we still have people severely abusing the "Troll" mod, as evident from how those comments were incorrectly moderated.

There needs to be some way to prevent such mis-moderation from happening in the first place. When that fails, there needs to be some way of correcting them faster, as well as punishing those who engaged in such abuse.