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Title    "Kilonova" Observed Using Gravitational Waves, Sparking Era of "Multimessenger Astrophysics"
Date    Tuesday October 17 2017, @04:42AM
Author    takyon
Topic   
from the medium-bang dept.
https://soylentnews.org/article.pl?sid=17/10/16/1735220

Scientists Witness Huge Cosmic Crash, Find Origins of Gold

Phoenix666 writes:

It started in a galaxy called NGC 4993, seen from Earth in the Hydra constellation. Two neutron stars, collapsed cores of stars so dense that a teaspoon of their matter would weigh 1 billion tons, danced ever faster and closer together until they collided, said Carnegie Institution astronomer Maria Drout.

The crash, called a kilonova, generated a fierce burst of gamma rays and a gravitational wave, a faint ripple in the fabric of space and time, first theorized by Albert Einstein.

The signal arrived on Earth on Aug. 17 after traveling 130 million light-years. [...] The colliding stars spewed bright blue, super-hot debris that was dense and unstable. Some of it coalesced into heavy elements, like gold, platinum and uranium. Scientists had suspected neutron star collisions had enough power to create heavier elements, but weren't certain until they witnessed it. "We see the gold being formed," said Syracuse's Brown.

So the ring on your finger is actually the skeletal remains of neutron stars.

Observatories Across the World Announce Groundbreaking New Gravitational Wave Discovery

AnonTechie writes:

Today, physicists and astronomers around the world are announcing a whole new kind of gravitational wave signal at a National Science Foundation press conference in Washington, DC. But it's not just gravitational waves. That August day, x-ray telescopes, visible light, radio telescopes, and gamma-ray telescopes all spotted a flash, one consistent with a pair of neutron stars swirling together, colliding and coalescing into a black hole. The observation, called a "kilonova," simultaneously answered questions like "where did the heavy metal in our Universe come from" and "what causes some of the gamma-ray bursts scientists have observed since the 60s." It also posed new ones.

[...] All in all, the discovery marks an important milestone in gravitational wave astronomy and proof that LIGO and Virgo do more than spot colliding black holes. At present, the detectors are all receiving sensitivity upgrades. When they come back online, they may see other sources like some supernovae or maybe even a chorus of background gravitational waves from the most distant stellar collisions.

https://gizmodo.com/observatories-across-the-world-announce-groundbreaking-1819500578

[Also Covered By]:

Papers:

Optical emission from a kilonova following a gravitational-wave-detected neutron-star merger (open, DOI: 10.1038/nature24291) (DX)

Spectroscopic identification of r-process nucleosynthesis in a double neutron-star merger (open, DOI: 10.1038/nature24298) (DX)

A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant (open, DOI: 10.1038/nature24471) (DX)

The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817 (open, DOI: 10.1038/nature24290) (DX)

A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source (open, DOI: 10.1038/nature24303) (DX)

Origin of the heavy elements in binary neutron-star mergers from a gravitational-wave event (open, DOI: 10.1038/nature24453) (DX)

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9) (DX)

Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c) (DX)

An Ordinary Short Gamma-Ray Burst with Extraordinary Implications: Fermi-GBM Detection of GRB 170817A (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa8f41) (DX)

INTEGRAL Detection of the First Prompt Gamma-Ray Signal Coincident with the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817 (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa8f94) (DX)

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Discovery of the Optical Counterpart Using the Dark Energy Camera (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9059) (DX)

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa8fc7) (DX)

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. III. Optical and UV Spectra of a Blue Kilonova from Fast Polar Ejecta (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9029) (DX)

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. IV. Detection of Near-infrared Signatures of r-process Nucleosynthesis with Gemini-South (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa905c) (DX)

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. V. Rising X-Ray Emission from an Off-axis Jet (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9057) (DX)

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. VI. Radio Constraints on a Relativistic Jet and Predictions for Late-time Emission from the Kilonova Ejecta (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa905d) (DX)

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. VII. Properties of the Host Galaxy and Constraints on the Merger Timescale (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9055) (DX)

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. VIII. A Comparison to Cosmological Short-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9018) (DX)

The Discovery of the Electromagnetic Counterpart of GW170817: Kilonova AT 2017gfo/DLT17ck (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa8edf) (DX)

A Deep Chandra X-Ray Study of Neutron Star Coalescence GW170817 (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa8ede) (DX)

The Unprecedented Properties of the First Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational-wave Source (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa905e) (DX)

The Emergence of a Lanthanide-rich Kilonova Following the Merger of Two Neutron Stars (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa90b6) (DX)

Observations of the First Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational-wave Source by the TOROS Collaboration (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9060) (DX)

The Old Host-galaxy Environment of SSS17a, the First Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational-wave Source (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9116) (DX)

The Distance to NGC 4993: The Host Galaxy of the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817 (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9110) (DX)

The Rapid Reddening and Featureless Optical Spectra of the Optical Counterpart of GW170817, AT 2017gfo, during the First Four Days (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9111) (DX)

Optical Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Events with Las Cumbres Observatory (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa910f) (DX)

A Neutron Star Binary Merger Model for GW170817/GRB 170817A/SSS17a (open, DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa91b3) (DX)

Previously: European Southern Observatory to Announce "Unprecedented Discovery" on Monday


Original Submission #1Original Submission #2Original Submission #3

Links

  1. "Phoenix666" - https://soylentnews.org/~Phoenix666/
  2. "Two neutron stars, collapsed cores of stars so dense that a teaspoon of their matter would weigh 1 billion tons, danced ever faster and closer together until they collided" - https://www.yahoo.com/news/scientists-witness-huge-cosmic-crash-origins-gold-140024492.html
  3. "AnonTechie" - https://soylentnews.org/~AnonTechie/
  4. "ESO Telescopes Observe First Light from Gravitational Wave Source" - http://eso.org/public/announcements/ann17075/
  5. "In a First, Gravitational Waves Linked to Neutron Star Crash" - http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/10/gravitational-waves-discovered-neutron-stars-pictures-science/
  6. "New gravitational wave discovery confirms dawn of a new field of astronomy" - https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/physics/news/gravitational-waves-1.584109
  7. "What Have Gravitational-Wave Detectors Discovered?" - https://www.space.com/38437-ligo-gravitational-wave-detector-announcement-oct-16.html
  8. "Scientists detect gravitational waves from a new kind of nova, sparking a new era in astronomy" - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/10/16/scientists-detect-gravitational-waves-from-a-new-kind-of-nova-sparking-a-new-era-in-astronomy/
  9. "archive" - https://archive.fo/O9CCg
  10. "Optical emission from a kilonova following a gravitational-wave-detected neutron-star merger" - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature24291.html
  11. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature24291
  12. "Spectroscopic identification of r-process nucleosynthesis in a double neutron-star merger" - https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaap/ncurrent/full/nature24298.html
  13. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature24298
  14. "A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant" - https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaap/ncurrent/full/nature24471.html
  15. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature24471
  16. "The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817" - https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature24290.html
  17. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature24290
  18. "A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source" - https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaap/ncurrent/full/nature24303.html
  19. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature24303
  20. "Origin of the heavy elements in binary neutron-star mergers from a gravitational-wave event" - https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaap/ncurrent/full/nature24453.html
  21. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature24453
  22. "Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9
  23. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9
  24. "Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c
  25. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c
  26. "An Ordinary Short Gamma-Ray Burst with Extraordinary Implications: Fermi-GBM Detection of GRB 170817A" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8f41
  27. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8f41
  28. "INTEGRAL Detection of the First Prompt Gamma-Ray Signal Coincident with the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8f94
  29. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8f94
  30. "The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Discovery of the Optical Counterpart Using the Dark Energy Camera" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9059
  31. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9059
  32. "The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8fc7
  33. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8fc7
  34. "The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. III. Optical and UV Spectra of a Blue Kilonova from Fast Polar Ejecta" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9029
  35. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9029
  36. "The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. IV. Detection of Near-infrared Signatures of r-process Nucleosynthesis with Gemini-South" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa905c
  37. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa905c
  38. "The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. V. Rising X-Ray Emission from an Off-axis Jet" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9057
  39. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9057
  40. "The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. VI. Radio Constraints on a Relativistic Jet and Predictions for Late-time Emission from the Kilonova Ejecta" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa905d
  41. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa905d
  42. "The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. VII. Properties of the Host Galaxy and Constraints on the Merger Timescale" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9055
  43. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9055
  44. "The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. VIII. A Comparison to Cosmological Short-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9018
  45. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9018
  46. "The Discovery of the Electromagnetic Counterpart of GW170817: Kilonova AT 2017gfo/DLT17ck" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8edf
  47. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8edf
  48. "A Deep Chandra X-Ray Study of Neutron Star Coalescence GW170817" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8ede
  49. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8ede
  50. "The Unprecedented Properties of the First Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational-wave Source" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa905e
  51. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa905e
  52. "The Emergence of a Lanthanide-rich Kilonova Following the Merger of Two Neutron Stars" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa90b6
  53. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa90b6
  54. "Observations of the First Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational-wave Source by the TOROS Collaboration" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9060
  55. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9060
  56. "The Old Host-galaxy Environment of SSS17a, the First Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational-wave Source" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9116
  57. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9116
  58. "The Distance to NGC 4993: The Host Galaxy of the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9110
  59. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9110
  60. "The Rapid Reddening and Featureless Optical Spectra of the Optical Counterpart of GW170817, AT 2017gfo, during the First Four Days" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9111
  61. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9111
  62. "Optical Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Events with Las Cumbres Observatory" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa910f
  63. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa910f
  64. "A Neutron Star Binary Merger Model for GW170817/GRB 170817A/SSS17a" - http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aa91b3
  65. "DX" - https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa91b3
  66. "European Southern Observatory to Announce "Unprecedented Discovery" on Monday" - https://soylentnews.org/article.pl?sid=17/10/12/2031259
  67. "Original Submission #1" - https://soylentnews.org/submit.pl?op=viewsub&subid=22800
  68. "Original Submission #2" - https://soylentnews.org/submit.pl?op=viewsub&subid=22798
  69. "Original Submission #3" - https://soylentnews.org/submit.pl?op=viewsub&subid=22799

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