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posted by martyb on Thursday March 28 2019, @01:40AM   Printer-friendly
from the Explosive-development dept.

Inert nitrogen forced to react with itself

Imitating nature, humans use the all-important Haber-Bosch process to break down nitrogen into ammonia, which can then be further processed to produce fertilizers and to make nitrogen available for the production of pigments, fuels, materials, pharmaceuticals and beyond. The production of compounds that contain chains of two, three or four nitrogen atoms -- which are notably of pharmaceutical importance in vaso-dilating drugs, for example -- requires the reassembly of mono-nitrogen molecules such as ammonia, because no direct reaction exists that can directly connect molecules of dinitrogen.

This week, research teams from Germany, from Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU) and Goethe University in Frankfurt, report a completely new chemical reaction in Science magazine. The new process uses boron-containing molecules to directly couple two molecules of N2 into a N4 chain. For the first time, they have succeeded in directly coupling two molecules of atmospheric nitrogen N2 with each other without first having to split the dinitrogen into ammonia, thus bypassing the Haber-Bosch process. This new method could enable the direct generation of longer nitrogen chains.

The new synthesis pathway functions under very mild conditions: at minus 30 degrees Celsius and under a moderate pressure of nitrogen (around four atmospheres). It also does not require a transition metal catalyst, unlike almost all biological and industrial reactions of nitrogen.

"This will open the way to a chemistry with which completely new chain-form nitrogen molecules can be synthesized," says JMU chemistry Professor Holger Braunschweig. For the first time, nitrogen chains containing a special variant of nitrogen (15N isotope) can also be easily produced.

The reductive coupling of dinitrogen (DOI: 10.1126/science.aav9593) (DX)


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  • (Score: 1) by RandomFactor on Thursday March 28 2019, @02:02AM (3 children)

    by RandomFactor (3682) Subscriber Badge on Thursday March 28 2019, @02:02AM (#821107) Journal

    at minus 30 degrees Celsius and under a moderate pressure of nitrogen (around four atmospheres).

    Atmosphere is 50% denser than Earth, comprised largely of nitrogen and methane.

    Sadly it is awfully cold for this with an average surface temperature of −179 °C

    --
    В «Правде» нет известий, в «Известиях» нет правды
    • (Score: 4, Funny) by PartTimeZombie on Thursday March 28 2019, @02:17AM (2 children)

      by PartTimeZombie (4827) on Thursday March 28 2019, @02:17AM (#821113)

      That's about the same as Canada I think.

      Just put a coat on, you'll be fine.

      • (Score: 3, Funny) by c0lo on Thursday March 28 2019, @02:47AM (1 child)

        by c0lo (156) Subscriber Badge on Thursday March 28 2019, @02:47AM (#821126) Journal

        That's about the same as Canada I think.

        Just put a coat on, you'll be fine.

        Except for a pressure 4 times the atmospheric one.
        Not to worry, just search Canada for a liquid methane lake about 60m deep and get some scientists down with an extra coat on.

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        • (Score: 2) by PartTimeZombie on Thursday March 28 2019, @07:01PM

          by PartTimeZombie (4827) on Thursday March 28 2019, @07:01PM (#821455)

          They've got a lot of lakes in Canada, so I've heard. At least one must be liquid methane, surely? Law of averages.

  • (Score: 4, Informative) by c0lo on Thursday March 28 2019, @03:13AM

    by c0lo (156) Subscriber Badge on Thursday March 28 2019, @03:13AM (#821134) Journal

    From TFAbs(tract)

    boron can coax two N2 molecules together under reductive conditions below room temperature. Two borylene units sandwiched the resulting N4 chain between them..
    ...
    Both this complex and a derivative protonated at both ends of the chain were characterized crystallographically.

    Noice.
    Wonder what happens when you bring them at room temp/pressure? 'cause I'm not gonna take a vaso-dilating pill frozen to -30C only to see my belly exploding.
    See also Things I Won’t Work With: Azidoazide Azides, More Or Less [sciencemag.org]
    Those crazy Germans.

    --
    https://www.youtube.com/@ProfSteveKeen https://soylentnews.org/~MichaelDavidCrawford
  • (Score: 2) by stormwyrm on Thursday March 28 2019, @07:52AM (1 child)

    by stormwyrm (717) on Thursday March 28 2019, @07:52AM (#821219) Journal
    I don't know if using boron is actually any better than a transition metal catalyst if you're looking to replace Haber–Bosch. Boron is not exactly a common element, and iron can be used as a catalyst for the Haber–Bosch process. Iron is some 5-6% of the Earth's crust, while boron is found in the 8 parts per million. Might be good though if you're looking to do a new reaction impossible with the current processes.
    --
    Numquam ponenda est pluralitas sine necessitate.
    • (Score: 3, Insightful) by richtopia on Thursday March 28 2019, @04:21PM

      by richtopia (3160) on Thursday March 28 2019, @04:21PM (#821384) Homepage Journal

      It will come down to the energy required. If this new pathway takes less energy, there could be serious savings. The world spends a LOT on making ammonia: approximately 3-5% of natural gas is consumed on the Haber process, which is about 1-2% of the total energy supply. Yes, boron is expensive, but at the production volumes we could be looking at mining boron could be justified.

  • (Score: 2) by SemperOSS on Thursday March 28 2019, @08:44AM (2 children)

    by SemperOSS (5072) on Thursday March 28 2019, @08:44AM (#821229)

    I wonder where the hydrogen comes from when you break down N2 into NH3?


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    Open Source Solutions and Digital Sovereignty is the new black
    • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday March 28 2019, @03:50PM

      by Anonymous Coward on Thursday March 28 2019, @03:50PM (#821365)

      I wonder where the hydrogen comes from when you break down N2 into NH3?

      Hydrogen gas is one of the reagents used in the Haber process.

    • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Friday March 29 2019, @12:00PM

      by Anonymous Coward on Friday March 29 2019, @12:00PM (#821740)
      The Haber-Bosch reaction is N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3, so hydrogen is one input. The hydrogen in industrial uses of the process usually comes from methane steam reforming: CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2 with a nickel catalyst. The carbon monoxide can be reacted with water to produce carbon dioxide and more hydrogen.
  • (Score: 2) by DannyB on Thursday March 28 2019, @03:40PM (1 child)

    by DannyB (5839) Subscriber Badge on Thursday March 28 2019, @03:40PM (#821360) Journal

    . . . will not result in cheaper drugs.

    Quite the contrary.

    --
    Why is it so difficult to break a heroine addiction?
    • (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Thursday March 28 2019, @10:31PM

      by Anonymous Coward on Thursday March 28 2019, @10:31PM (#821550)

      We can settle for better drugs, and order them from India.

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