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posted by martyb on Tuesday January 14 2020, @09:54AM   Printer-friendly
from the eye-here-what-ewe-deed-dare? dept.

Speech-Disrupting Brain Disease Reflects Patients' Native Tongue:

"Clinical criteria for diagnosing disorders that affect behavior and language are still mainly based on studies of English speakers and Western cultures, which could lead to misdiagnosis if people who speak different languages or come from another cultural background express symptoms differently," said study senior author Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, MD, PhD, a professor of neurology and psychiatry and the Charles Schwab Distinguished Professor in Dyslexia and Neurodevelopment at the UCSF Memory and Aging Center. "It is critical going forward that studies take language and cultural differences into account when studying brain disorders that affect higher cognitive functions — which we know are greatly impacted by culture, environment, and experience."

The new study, published January 10, 2020 in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology, focused on patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), a neurodegenerative disorder that affects language areas in the brain, a condition often associated with Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and other dementia disorders.

The researchers recruited 20 English-speaking PPA patients from the UCSF Memory and Aging Center and 18 Italian-speaking PPA patients from San Raffaele Hospital, all of whom shared a variant of PPA characterized by difficulty producing or pronouncing words — so-called non-fluent PPA.

"We wanted to study patients with PPA to understand whether people from different language backgrounds actually experienced the disease differently, and what that might mean for how we try to help patients remain resilient to the disease," said study lead author Elisa Canu, PhD, a neuropsychologist and researcher in the San Raffaele Scientific Institute's Neuroimaging Research Unit, which is led by co-author Massimo Filippi, MD, full professor of neurology at the affiliated Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, and director of the neurology and neurophysiology units at the San Raffaele Hospital.

Cognitive tests and MRI brain scans revealed similar cognitive function and comparable levels of brain degeneration in the two groups. But when the researchers compared their performance on a battery of linguistic tests, they observed a key difference.

English speakers had more trouble pronouncing words — the traditional hallmark of nonfluent PPA — and tended to speak less than usual. In contrast, Italian speakers with the same disorder had fewer pronunciation difficulties but tended to produce much shorter and grammatically simpler sentences. For example, when asked to describe a drawing of a family at a lake house picnicking and flying a kite, Italian speakers with non-fluent PPA might respond (in Italian): "The man and the woman and the dog"; "Boat in the water"; "Family have picnic"; "There is a kite".

"We think this is specifically because the consonant clusters that are so common in English pose a challenge for a degenerating speech-planning system," said Gorno-Tempini, who directs the language neurobiology laboratory at the UCSF Memory and Aging Center, and is co-director of the UCSF Dyslexia Center and the recently launchedUCSF-UC Berkeley Schwab Dyslexia and Cognitive Diversity Center. "In contrast, Italian is easier to pronounce, but has much more complex grammar, and this is how Italian speakers with PPA tend to run into trouble."

[...] "This means that there are probably many people around the world — including non-native English speakers in the U.S. — who are not getting the right diagnosis because their symptoms don't match what is described in clinical manuals based on studies of native English speakers," said Gorno-Tempini.

Journal Reference:
Elisa Canu, Federica Agosta, Giovanni Battistella, Edoardo G. Spinelli, Jessica DeLeon, Ariane E. Welch, Maria Luisa Mandelli, H. Isabel Hubbard, Andrea Moro, Giuseppe Magnani, Stefano F. Cappa, Bruce L. Miller, Massimo Filippi, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini. Speech production differences in English and Italian speakers with nonfluent variant PPA [$], Neurology (DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008879)


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  • (Score: 3, Funny) by Rosco P. Coltrane on Tuesday January 14 2020, @10:28AM

    by Rosco P. Coltrane (4757) on Tuesday January 14 2020, @10:28AM (#943040)

    If you have a speech impairment, you retain 3/4th of your communicating abilities as long as you can wave your arms around.

  • (Score: 2) by Gaaark on Tuesday January 14 2020, @11:33AM

    by Gaaark (41) on Tuesday January 14 2020, @11:33AM (#943050) Journal

    Breathe. Rainbow. Flower. Four to the left, three to the right.

    --flower is wrong...can't remember...Hulk sad.

    --
    --- Please remind me if I haven't been civil to you: I'm channeling MDC. ---Gaaark 2.0 ---
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