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upstart writes:

Another Periodic Suggestion to Try, Just Try, Switching to Kagi for Search:

Aaron Pressman, writing earlier this month in The Boston Globe, "Why I Abandoned Google Search After 27 Years — and What I'm Using Instead":

The UK now requires travelers from America to obtain an electronic travel authorization, or ETA. I wasn't sure of the exact name of the ETA, so I just searched "travel to UK."

The results were all about obtaining an ETA and I picked a link that looked like the official UK government site. It was not; the official site was lower, below an AI summary, some sponsored links, and other junk on the results page. Luckily for me, I did get a legitimate travel pass — but the site I picked overcharged me by about $70.

I don't know what the name for this sort of thing is, but it's like a semi-scam. There are similar services to what Pressman ran into here for expedited passport renewals, for example — third-party companies that present themselves as official partners of the government that charge you extra for a service. But they just handle for you what you could just as easily do yourself, if you found the right place on the web to do it. A complete scam would be taking your money and giving you nothing (or a bogus document) in return. These semi-scams deliver the thing they're promising, but charge you more than you should pay.

[...] After I learned my lesson, I did some research in search of better search. People I trust on the Internet, including the Apple blogger John Gruber and novelist Cory Doctorow, recommended a new search engine called Kagi.

[...] I keep trying to emphasize that I recommend switching to Kagi not because it's more private (although it clearly is), not as a protest against Google (although for some, switching could be), not as a rejection of search ads dominating the top of Google's results (although that's true too), but simply because Kagi's results are clearly better.

Like, even if I use the magic &udm=14 parameter with Google search, to get "disenshittified" results from Google, I find I get better results from Kagi. When I know there's one right answer (say, a specific article I remember reading and want to find again), Kagi is more likely than Google to list it first. If it's a years-old article, Kagi is way more likely than Google to find it at all. For me, Google (and, alas, DuckDuckGo too) have largely stopped working reliably for finding not-recent stuff on the web. Not true with Kagi.

owl writes:

https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2025/04/photos-35th-anniversary-hubble-space-telescope/682628/

Thirty-five years ago, in April of 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit aboard the space shuttle Discovery. Since then, NASA reports that Hubble has made "nearly 1.7 million observations, looking at approximately 55,000 astronomical targets," bringing so much of the nearby universe into focus. Gathered here is a collection of amazing recent images—some published in celebration of Hubble's 35th anniversary, others either newly released or recently updated with new techniques.

Original Submission

Arthur T Knackerbracket has processed the following story:

Several recent scientific findings, including signs of life on an exoplanet and 'de-extinction' of the dire wolf have caused a stir but when a claim seems too good to be true it probably is

Enter the Royal Society in London – the UK’s national academy of science – and you will see a three-word phrase: “nullius in verba“. This motto, held for over 350 years, translates to “take nobody’s word for it”, meaning science cannot simply be taken on trust; it must be backed by evidence.

But what is evidence? Here, things become murkier. A claim that the sky is blue requires little to back it up, as anyone who is able to see it for themselves can attest. Start claiming that the sky is purple, however, and you had better come armed with a good explanation for why we have never noticed this before.

Another motto, attributed to the astronomer Carl Sagan, sums up this varying scale of proof: “extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence”. As we report in this issue, some recent high-profile examples have fallen far short of this.

The first would be close to Sagan’s heart: last month, astronomers claimed to have found evidence of a gas potentially produced by alien life on a distant exoplanet, but a reanalysis of the data suggests they may not have detected anything at all. Meanwhile, we report strong criticism from the International Union for Conservation of Nature of the claim by biotech firm Colossal that it has “de-extincted” the dire wolf.

The job of science, as always, is now to dig deeper in the hope of uncovering the truth

Many are excited by these claims and would like them to be true, but, unfortunately, they are not. We take seriously our duty to accurately report strong claims, as demonstrated by our story about a proposal that light doesn’t have wave-particle duality, but is actually solely a quantum particle.

This truly is an extraordinary claim, attempting to overturn a century of physics consensus. As we make clear, the evidence supporting the idea is currently lacking – but physicists are intrigued enough to continue investigating. With no clear reason for why the proposal is wrong, the job of science, as always, is now to dig deeper in the hope of uncovering the truth, or, at least, our best approximation of it.

Original Submission

upstart writes:

A Strange Phrase Keeps Turning Up in Scientific Papers, But Why?:

Earlier this year, scientists discovered a peculiar term appearing in published papers: "vegetative electron microscopy".

This phrase, which sounds technical but is actually nonsense, has become a "digital fossil" – an error preserved and reinforced in artificial intelligence (AI) systems that is nearly impossible to remove from our knowledge repositories.

Like biological fossils trapped in rock, these digital artefacts may become permanent fixtures in our information ecosystem.

The case of vegetative electron microscopy offers a troubling glimpse into how AI systems can perpetuate and amplify errors throughout our collective knowledge.

Vegetative electron microscopy appears to have originated through a remarkable coincidence of unrelated errors.

First, twopapers from the 1950s, published in the journal Bacteriological Reviews, were scanned and digitised.

However, the digitising process erroneously combined "vegetative" from one column of text with "electron" from another. As a result, the phantom term was created.

Decades later, "vegetative electron microscopy" turned up in some Iranian scientific papers. In 2017 and 2019, two papers used the term in English captions and abstracts.

This appears to be due to a translation error. In Farsi, the words for "vegetative" and "scanning" differ by only a single dot.

The upshot? As of today, "vegetative electron microscopy" appears in 22 papers, according to Google Scholar. One was the subject of a contested retraction from a Springer Nature journal, and Elsevier issued a correction for another.

The term also appears in news articles discussing subsequent integrity investigations.

Vegetative electron microscopy began to appear more frequently in the 2020s. To find out why, we had to peer inside modern AI models – and do some archaeological digging through the vast layers of data they were trained on.

[...] Finding errors of this sort is not easy. Fixing them may be almost impossible.

Snotnose writes:

According to Popular Science some dolphins have an unusual way to attract a mate.

Researchers say they have made a startling discovery in the Amazon River. But their evidence wasn't collected from the water—it could be seen from shore. After around 219 hours of observations, they can confirm that male Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis), also known as botos, often roll onto their backs and urinate over three feet into the air. It isn't random. The male botos appear to be peeing with a purpose.

"Aerial urination starts with a boto slowly positioning itself upside down, exposing its penis above water, and ejecting a stream of urine into the air," the team explained in their study.

[...] Urine is a common communication tool used by many terrestrial animals such as dogs, bears, and cats. It's seen far less frequently in aquatic environments, but Araújo-Wan and their colleagues offered a few examples in their study. Dominant male African cichlid fish (Astatotilapia burtoni) interpret urine pulses for both reproductive and territorial information. The narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), meanwhile, urinates as a sign of aggression. In both of these cases, however, it's more about the act of peeing than what is actually in the pee itself.

Not looking forward to teenage boys in the pool this summer.

Original Submission

upstart writes:

Monty Python and the Holy Grail turns 50:

Monty Python and the Holy Grail is widely considered to be among the best comedy films of all time, and it's certainly one of the most quotable. This absurdist masterpiece sending up Arthurian legend turns 50 (!) this year.

It was partly Python member Terry Jones' passion for the Middle Ages and Arthurian legend that inspired Holy Grail and its approach to comedy. (Jones even went on to direct a 2004 documentary, Medieval Lives.) The troupe members wrote several drafts beginning in 1973, and Jones and Terry Gilliam were co-directors—the first full-length feature for each, so filming was one long learning process. Reviews were mixed when Holy Grail was first released—much like they were for Young Frankenstein (1974), another comedic masterpiece—but audiences begged to differ. It was the top-grossing British film screened in the US in 1975. And its reputation has only grown over the ensuing decades.

The film's broad cultural influence extends beyond the entertainment industry. Holy Grail has been the subject of multiple scholarly papers examining such topics as its effectiveness at teaching Arthurian literature or geometric thought and logic, the comedic techniques employed, and why the depiction of a killer rabbit is so fitting (killer rabbits frequently appear drawn in the margins of Gothic manuscripts). My personal favorite was a 2018 tongue-in-cheek paper on whether the Black Knight could have survived long enough to make good on his threat to bite King Arthur's legs off (tl;dr: no).

So it's not at all surprising that Monty Python and the Holy Grail proved to be equally influential and beloved by Ars staffers, several of whom offer their reminiscences below.

They were nerd-gassing before it was cool

The Monty Python troupe famously made Holy Grail on a shoestring budget—so much so that they couldn't afford to have the knights ride actual horses. (There are only a couple of scenes featuring a horse, and apparently it's the same horse.) Rather than throwing up their hands in resignation, that very real constraint fueled the Pythons' creativity. The actors decided the knights would simply pretend to ride horses while their porters followed behind, banging halves of coconut shells together to mimic the sound of horses' hooves—a time-honored Foley effect dating back to the early days of radio.

Being masters of absurdist humor, naturally, they had to call attention to it. Arthur and his trusty servant, Patsy (Gilliam), approach the castle of their first potential recruit. When Arthur informs the guards that they have "ridden the length and breadth of the land," one of the guards isn't having it. "What, ridden on a horse? You're using coconuts! You've got two empty halves of coconut, and you're bangin' 'em together!"

That raises the obvious question: Where did they get the coconuts? What follows is one of the greatest examples of nerd-gassing yet to appear on film. Arthur claims he and Patsy found them, but the guard is incredulous since the coconut is tropical and England is a temperate zone. Arthur counters by invoking the example of migrating swallows. Coconuts do not migrate, but Arthur suggests they could be carried by swallows gripping a coconut by the husk.

The guard still isn't having it. It's a question of getting the weight ratios right, you see, to maintain air-speed velocity. Another guard gets involved, suggesting it might be possible with an African swallow, but that species is non-migratory. And so on. The two are still debating the issue as an exasperated Arthur rides off to find another recruit.

The best part? There's a callback to that scene late in the film when the knights must answer three questions to cross the Bridge of Death or else be chucked into the Gorge of Eternal Peril. When it's Arthur's turn, the third question is "What is the air-speed velocity of an unladen swallow?" Arthur asks whether this is an African or a European swallow. This stumps the Bridgekeeper, who gets flung into the gorge. Sir Belvedere asks how Arthur came to know so much about swallows. Arthur replies, "Well, you have to know these things when you're a king, you know."

The plucky Black Knight ("It's just a flesh wound!") will always hold a special place in my heart, but that debate over air-speed velocities of laden versus unladen swallows encapsulates what makes Holy Grail a timeless masterpiece.

taylorvich writes:

https://techxplore.com/news/2025-04-flying-squirrel-drone-foldable-wings.html

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have already proved to be valuable tools for a wide range of applications, ranging from film and entertainment production to defense and security, agriculture, logistics, construction and environmental monitoring. While these technologies are already widely used in many countries worldwide, engineers have been trying to enhance their capabilities further so that they can be used to tackle even more complex problems.

Researchers at Pohang University of Science and Technology and the Agency for Defense Development (ADD)'s AI Autonomy Technology Center in South Korea recently developed a drone with foldable wings that could be more maneuverable than conventional drones. Their drone draws inspiration from the winged flying squirrel, a type of squirrel that uses loose flaps of skin attached from their wrists to their ankles to glide from tree to tree.

"The flying squirrel drone is inspired by the movements of flying squirrels, particularly their ability to rapidly decelerate by spreading their wings just before landing on trees," Dohyeon Lee, Jun-Gill Kang and Soohee Han, co-authors of the paper, told Tech Xplore. "We initiated this research with the belief that, like flying squirrels, drones could expand their dynamic capabilities by utilizing aerodynamic drag."

Published on the arXiv preprint server, the most recent paper by Lee, Kang and Han builds on an earlier paper in which they first presented their squirrel-inspired robot. Their previous paper outlined their robot's basic underlying hardware and a reinforcement learning technique that allowed it to rapidly decelerate while performing maneuvers in flight.

"In our new paper, we proposed a novel drone system that utilizes deployable wing membranes, demonstrating superior performance compared to conventional drone systems in executing high-acceleration maneuvers such as rapid stops and sharp turns," said Lee, Kang and Han.

The aerodynamic drag from the robot's wing membrane was previously found to hinder its performance in common flight scenarios (i.e., when the drone was flying in a straight line). In situations where the robot is required to suddenly stop or rapidly change direction to prevent collisions with obstacles, the deployment of wings can produce a sizeable force in the direction opposite to the object that the drone is trying to avoid.

"To safely and reliably operate in these scenarios, the flying squirrel drone must be capable of deciding when to deploy or retract its wings based on the situation, and the rotors must be able to generate appropriate thrust accordingly," explained Lee, Kang and Han.

In their recent study, the researchers also trained artificial neural networks to accurately predict the aerodynamic drag generated by the drone's silicone-based wing membrane. They then developed a Thrust-Wing Coordination Control (TWCC) strategy that utilizes the neural network's predictions to optimally control both the wing membrane and motors, enabling the reliable execution of desired maneuvers.

"Another key contribution of our work is the development of a hardware system that allows for rapid deployment and retraction of the silicone wings, all while maintaining the conventional quadrotor form factor," said Lee, Kang and Han.

"Collectively, we proposed a framework capable of simultaneously controlling the silicone wing membrane—with its complex, non-analytically predictable aerodynamics—and the drone's motors, and the demonstration of high-performance trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance on real hardware."

Original Submission

upstart writes:

China's '2D' chip could soon be used to make silicon-free chips:

Researchers in China say they have created a new silicon-free transistor that could significantly boost performance while reducing energy consumption. The team says this development represents a new direction for transistor research.

The scientists said that the new transistor could be integrated into chips that could one day perform up to 40% faster than the best existing silicon processors made by U.S. companies like Intel. This is according to a report in the South China Morning Post (SCMP).

Despite that dramatic increase in power, the researchers claim that such chips would also draw 10% less power. The scientists outlined their findings in a recent study published Feb. 13 in the journal Nature.

Lead author of the study Hailin Peng, professor of chemistry at Peking University (PKU) in China, told SCMP: "If chip innovations based on existing materials are considered a 'short cut', then our development of 2D material-based transistors is akin to 'changing lanes'."

The efficiency and performance gains are possible thanks to the chip's unique architecture, the scientists said in the paper, specifically the new two-dimensional silicon-free transistor they created. This transistor is a gate-all-around field-effect transistor (GAAFET). Unlike previous leading transistor designs like the fin field-effect transistor (FinFET), a GAAFET transistor wraps sources with a gate on all four sides, instead of just three.

[...] This is because a fully wrapped source provides better electrostatic control (as there is less energy loss to static electricity discharges) and the potential for higher drive currents and faster switching times.

While the GAAFET architecture isn't itself new, the PKU team's use of bismuth oxyselenide as the semiconductor was, as well as the fact they used it to create an "atomically-thin" two-dimensional transistor.

Editor's note: This article was first published March 24, 2025.

See also:

• Low-power 2D gate-all-around logics via epitaxial monolithic 3D integration

Original Submission

upstart writes:

A gas clump in the Milky Way's neighborhood might be a 'dark galaxy':

A potential dark galaxy — one made primarily of dark matter — may have been spotted in the local universe.

Dark galaxies are theoretical, starless systems whose discovery could help astronomers better understand galaxy formation. The new candidate was found within a large, fast-moving cloud of gas first seen in the 1960s. High-resolution observations of the cloud, reported April 18 in Science Advances, revealed a compact clump of gas that might be a dark galaxy.

"This is the first discovery of a potential dark galaxy in the nearby universe," says astronomer Jin-Long Xu of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.

Not all astronomers agree. The clump's classification as a dark galaxy is plausible, says astronomer Tobias Westmeier, but he finds the evidence lacking. Instead of a relatively distant dark galaxy, Westmeier thinks the object is more likely a regular gas cloud at the edge of the Milky Way.

"I'm very skeptical about the claims that they're making in the paper for a number of reasons," says Westmeier, of the University of Western Australia in Crawley. "There's no convincing evidence."

Since the early 2000s, a handful of candidate dark galaxies have been discovered around the Milky Way. But in most cases, further observations revealed the alleged dark galaxies to be misclassified. Many turned out to have a small population of faint stars that were initially overlooked. So far, none of the candidates have proved to be truly dark.

"People have been trying to find these starless galaxies for many years and so far without much success," Westmeier says.

The new results were compiled from observations using three radio telescopes, including high-resolution images from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope in southern China. In addition to dark matter, dark galaxies contain hydrogen gas, which can be observed at radio wavelengths. Additional observations at visible wavelengths from two stellar surveys suggest that the clump is starless.

Analysis of the radio telescope data allowed the researchers to determine the speed and direction of hydrogen gas in different parts of the clump. The data were also used to indirectly measure the distance to the clump, which the team estimated to be 900,000 light-years from Earth. Rotational movement seen in the clump's gas suggests it could be a disk galaxy, rather than a clump of ordinary gas.

hubie writes:

The company is also pulling Nest thermostats out of Europe entirely, citing "unique" heating challenges:

Google has just announced that it's ending software updates for the first-generation Nest Learning Thermostat, released in 2011, and the second-gen model that came a year later. This decision also affects the European Nest Learning Thermostat from 2014. "You will no longer be able to control them remotely from your phone or with
Google Assistant, but can still adjust the temperature and modify schedules directly on the thermostat," the company wrote in a Friday blog post.

The cutoff date for software updates and general support within the Google Home and Nest apps is October 25th.

In other significant news, Google is flatly stating that it has no plans to release additional Nest thermostats in Europe. "Heating systems in Europe are unique and have a variety of hardware and software requirements that make it challenging to build for the diverse set of homes," the company said. "The Nest Learning Thermostat (3rd gen, 2015) and Nest Thermostat E (2018) will continue to be sold in Europe while current supplies last."

Losing the ability to control these smart thermostats from a phone will inevitably frustrate customers who've had Nest hardware in their home for many years now. Google's not breaking their core functionality, but a lot of the appeal and convenience will disappear as software support winds down. The early Nest Learning Thermostats can at least be used locally without Wi-Fi, which isn't true of newer models. There's one bright spot for owners of recent Nest Thermostats: Google says owners "will be able to create and adjust schedules" from the Google Home app later this year for the first time.

[...] Still, this type of phase-out is a very real fear tied to smart home devices as companies put screens into more and more appliances. Is 14 years a reasonable lifespan for the these gadgets before their smarts fade away? There's no indication that Google plans to open source the hardware.

Original Submission

Arthur T Knackerbracket has processed the following story:

Today, open-source software powers the world. It didn't have to be that way. The Open Invention Network's (OIN) origins are rooted in a turbulent era for open source. In the mid-2000s, Linux faced existential threats from copyright and patent litigation. Besides, the infamous SCO lawsuit and Microsoft's claims that Linux infringed on hundreds of its patents cast a shadow over the ecosystem.

Business leaders became worried. While SCO's attacks petered out, patent trolls -- formally known as Patent Assertion Entities (PAEs) -- were increasing their attacks. So, open-source friendly industry giants, including IBM, Novell, Philips, Red Hat, and Sony, formed the Open Invention Network (OIN) to create a bulwark against patent threats targeting Linux and open-source technologies. Founded in 2005, the Open Invention Network (OIN) has evolved into a global community comprising over 4,000 participants, ranging from startups to multinational corporations, collectively holding more than three million patents and patent applications.

At the heart of OIN's legal strategy is a royalty-free cross-license agreement. Members agree not to assert their patents against the Linux System, creating a powerful network effect that shields open-source projects from litigation. As OIN CEO Keith Bergelt explained, this model enables "broad-based participation by ensuring patent risk mitigation in key open-source technologies, thereby facilitating open-source adoption."

This approach worked then, and it continues to work today. 

As more companies realized the value of open source, they joined in increasing numbers. Indeed, in 2018, Microsoft not only joined the OIN, but the company also shocked the world by offering its entire 60,000 patent portfolio to all of the open-source patent consortium's members. 

Why? Because it made good business sense. As Microsoft VP and Deputy General Counsel Burton Davis explained in 2022: "Microsoft is committed to open source, and continues to invest and collaborate across the broad open-source landscape. As a beneficiary and active participant in the open-source ecosystem, Microsoft is committed to doing its part, together with the broader open-source community, to protect this valuable resource from patent risk and other challenges."

taylorvich writes:

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-04-left-arm-reveals-vaccination-site.html

Sydney scientists have revealed why receiving a booster vaccine in the same arm as your first dose can generate a more effective immune response more quickly. The study, led by the Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kirby Institute at UNSW Sydney and published in the journal Cell, offers new insight that could help improve future vaccination strategies.

The researchers found that when a vaccine is administered, specialized immune cells called macrophages became "primed" inside lymph nodes. These macrophages then direct the positioning of memory B cells to more effectively respond to the booster when given in the same arm.

The findings, made in mice and validated in human participants, provide evidence to refine vaccination approaches and offer a promising new approach for enhancing vaccine effectiveness.

"This is a fundamental discovery in how the immune system organizes itself to respond better to external threats—nature has come up with this brilliant system and we're just now beginning to understand it," says Professor Tri Phan, Director of the Precision Immunology Program at Garvan and co-senior author.

Scientia Professor Anthony Kelleher, Director of the Kirby Institute and co-senior author says, "A unique and elegant aspect of this study is the team's ability to understand the rapid generation of effective vaccine responses. We did this by dissecting the complex biology in mice and then showed similar findings in humans. All this was done at the site of the generation of the vaccine response, the lymph node."

Immunization introduces a harmless version of a pathogen, known as a vaccine antigen, into the body, which is filtered through lymph nodes—immune 'training camps' that train the body to fight off the real pathogen. The researchers previously discovered that memory B cells, which are crucial for generating antibody responses when infections return, linger in the lymph node closest to the injection site.

Using state-of-the-art intravital imaging at Garvan, the team discovered that memory B cells migrate to the outer layer of the local lymph node, where they interact closely with the macrophages that reside there. When a booster was given in the same location, these 'primed' macrophages—already on alert—efficiently captured the antigen and activated the memory B cells to make high-quality antibodies.

"Macrophages are known to gobble up pathogens and clear away dead cells, but our research suggests the ones in the lymph nodes closest to the injection site also play a central role in orchestrating an effective vaccine response the next time around. So location does matter," says Dr. Rama Dhenni, the study's co-first author, who undertook the research as part of his Scientia Ph.D. program at Garvan.

Original Submission

AnonTechie writes:

[Source]: GIZMODO

A California-based fusion company thinks it's cracked one of energy's toughest problems: how to make fusion efficient, powerful, and not absurdly expensive.

TAE Technologies, along with researchers from the University of California, says its reconfigured prototype—cheekily named Norm—could deliver 100 times the power of other fusion devices while running at half the cost of older designs.

The team's research, published in Nature Communications, focuses on improving something called a field-reversed configuration (FRC)—a setup that holds piping hot plasma in place without relying on the gigantic magnets seen in traditional fusion designs like tokamaks. According to a TAE release published this month, FRC-based machines can achieve 100 times the fusion output of typical tokamaks with similar magnetic field strengths and plasma volumes.

[...] If the claims hold up, this could be a major leap toward commercial fusion power, something that's remained perpetually "30 years away" for, well, more decades than that. But it's still early days—Norm is a prototype, not a power plant, though the terms are not mutually exclusive if Da Vinci has anything to say about it in 2030.

Nevertheless, probing new ways of inducing fusion reactions—and streamlining those processes to make them more efficient—is a positive step toward commercial fusion energy. But it's hard to be enthralled by those steps when you consider how many times the fusion timeline has slipped—and will probably keep slipping.

Hype or the real deal. What do you think ?

Original Submission

Arthur T Knackerbracket has processed the following story:

A new way of generating clean power could run your lights with rain. 

Hydropower typically relies on the movement of water to create electricity through mechanical energy, such as spinning turbines in a dam. But a new method, described April 16 in ACS Central Science, skips the mechanics and harnesses tiny bursts of energy sparked when rain plunks into a narrow tube. 

“There is a lot of energy in rain,” says Siowling Soh, an engineer at the National University of Singapore. “If we can tap into this vast amount of energy, we can move toward a more sustainable society.”

Soh and colleagues’ technique relies on charge separation, a process where oppositely charged particles become spatially divided, creating a voltage between them. It’s the same phenomenon as shuffling across a rug then getting zapped when touching a light switch.

Previous experiments have found that water running through a conductive tube also creates charge separation. As the water flows, negatively charged hydroxide molecules accumulate on the tube’s surface, leaving an excess of positively charged hydrogen ions in the water. But the amount of charge separation is negligible, and the energy produced is outweighed by the power needed to pump water through the system. Soh wanted to find a way around that.

Instead of using a continuous flow of water, he and his team dripped rainlike drops into a tube two millimeters wide, about the width of a grain of rice. Inside the tube, the water driblets flowed with air pockets between them, creating a movement pattern called a plug flow. Plug flows trigger higher amounts of charge separation than continuous flows, Soh says, resulting in roughly 100,000 times as much energy.

canopic jug writes:

Wired has an interview about precautions to take with mobile devices if one cannot avoid crossing into the United States. The advice applies to all electronics.

[...] In some cases, it can involve an electronic search where they hook your phone up to a machine and it sucks all the information off of your phone and then they can do more complex data analysis on it. But what you should know is that if you're a US citizen, or if you're a green card holder, you can refuse to have your device searched at the border without being denied entry into the United States. You can have your phone confiscated, you can be brought into a little room and asked more questions. You will be scrutinized if you deny them the opportunity to search your phone, but they can't keep you from entering the country under normal circumstances.

[...] Lauren Goode: If you're a visa holder or a foreign visitor and you refuse, you can be detained or deported.

[...] Katie Drummond: That's a really interesting point. I feel like that's very smart-in-the-weeds guidance. Mike, here is a follow-up question: If someone turned a device to you and said, "Log into your X account on this computer," can you say, "I'm sorry, officer, I can't help you with that"?

Michael Calore: Yes. And the explanation there, which should be what you actually do so that you're not lying, is that you're using a strong password that is stored in your password manager and that you do not have access to your password manager.

Previously:
(2025) Cell Phone OPSEC for Border Crossings
(2024) 'FYI. a Warrant Isn't Needed': Secret Service Says You Agreed to be Tracked With Location Data
(2024) CBP Needs Warrant To Search Phones, Says Yet Another Judge
(2023) Snowden Ten Years Later - Schneier on Security
(2019) We Got U.S. Border Officials to Testify Under Oath. Here's What We Found Out
(2018) U.S. Border Searches of Electronic Devices Rise 60% in 2017
(2016) US Government Pays $475,000 for Illegally Searching Woman's Vagina
(2016) US Customs Wants to Know Travelers' Social Media Account Names

Original Submission