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martyb [soylentnews.org] writes:

With an equator diameter of around 143,000 kilometers, Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and has 300 times the mass of the Earth. The formation mechanism of giant planets like Jupiter has been a hotly debated topic for several decades. Now, astrophysicists of the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) PlanetS of the Universities of Bern and Zürich and ETH Zürich have joined forces to explain previous puzzles about how Jupiter was formed and new measurements. The research results were published in the magazine Nature Astronomy.

"We could show that Jupiter grew in different, distinct phases," explains Julia Venturini, postdoc at the University of Zürich. "Especially interesting is that it is not the same kind of bodies that bring mass and energy," adds Yann Alibert, Science Officer of PlanetS and first author of the paper. First, the planetary embryo rapidly accreted small, centimeter-sized pebbles and quickly built a core during the initial one million years. The following two million years were dominated by slower accretion of larger, kilometer-sized rocks called planetesimals. They hit the growing planet with great energy, releasing heat. "During the first stage the pebbles brought the mass," Yann Alibert explains: "In the second phase, the planetesimals also added a bit of mass, but what is more important, they brought energy." After three million years, Jupiter had grown to a body of 50 Earth masses. Then, the third formation phase started dominated by gas runaway accretion leading to today's gas giant with more than 300 Earth masses.

Journal Reference:
Yann Alibert, Julia Venturini, Ravit Helled, Sareh Ataiee, Remo Burn, Luc Senecal, Willy Benz, Lucio Mayer, Christoph Mordasini, Sascha P. Quanz, Maria Schönbächler. The formation of Jupiter by hybrid pebble–planetesimal accretion. Nature Astronomy, 2018; DOI: 10.1038/s41550-018-0557-2 [doi.org]

Original Submission