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White House COVID-19 Outbreak - Wikipedia

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White House COVID-19 outbreak - Wikipedia [wikipedia.org]:

October 2020 diagnosis of Donald Trump and others

White House COVID-19 outbreakPresident Donald Trump [wikipedia.org] speaking during the event held to announce Amy Coney Barrett [wikipedia.org]'s nomination to the Supreme Court in the White House Rose Garden DiseaseCOVID-19 [wikipedia.org]Virus strainSARS-CoV-2 [wikipedia.org]LocationWhite House [wikipedia.org], Washington, D.C. [wikipedia.org], United StatesFirst reportedOctober 1, 2020Index case [wikipedia.org]September 30, 2020Arrival dateSeptember 26, 2020; 10 days ago ()Confirmed cases21Hospitalized cases2

The White House [wikipedia.org]COVID-19 [wikipedia.org] outbreak is a cluster of SARS-CoV-2 [wikipedia.org] infections in September and October 2020 among people, including government officials, who were in close contact during the COVID-19 pandemic [wikipedia.org] in Washington, D.C. [wikipedia.org] The cluster saw President [wikipedia.org]Donald Trump [wikipedia.org] infected and hospitalized, with numerous other high-profile individuals also being infected.[1]

The apparent cause of the cluster was a ceremony held on September 26 in the White House Rose Garden [wikipedia.org] for the nomination of Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court [wikipedia.org], where seating was not socially distanced [wikipedia.org] and participants were mostly unmasked. While Trump was likely infectious, he and his entourage attended many events unmasked, including the first presidential debate [wikipedia.org] against Joe Biden [wikipedia.org].[2] While returning to Washington aboard Air Force One, press advisor Hope Hicks [wikipedia.org] was placed in quarantine after testing positive and developing symptoms. The president proceeded on schedule to a New Jersey fundraiser where he co-mingled, unmasked, with donors.[3]

Other infections included First Lady [wikipedia.org]Melania Trump [wikipedia.org]; Republican Senators Thom Tillis [wikipedia.org], Mike Lee [wikipedia.org], and Ron Johnson [wikipedia.org]; Trump's 2020 campaign [wikipedia.org] manager Bill Stepien [wikipedia.org]; Republican Party [wikipedia.org] Chairwoman Ronna McDaniel [wikipedia.org]; former White House counselor Kellyanne Conway [wikipedia.org]; former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie [wikipedia.org]; University of Notre Dame [wikipedia.org] president John I. Jenkins [wikipedia.org]; and White House press secretary [wikipedia.org]Kayleigh McEnany [wikipedia.org].

The emergence of the cluster occurred in the final weeks of President Trump's campaign for the 2020 presidential election [wikipedia.org], a little more than a month before Election Day, November 3. Pundits and commentators were sharply critical of the White House for providing conflicting information about Trump's condition and the timeline of his infection, as well as delaying the disclosure of the initial diagnoses of White House staffers.[4]

Contents

  • 1Timeline of viral transmission
    • 1.1Background
    • 1.2Amy Coney Barrett nomination event, September 26
    • 1.3First presidential debate, September 29
    • 1.4Hicks diagnosed amid secrecy
    • 1.5Bedminster event, October 1
    • 1.6Trump diagnosed amid secrecy
    • 1.7Widespread outbreak
  • 2Presidential hospitalization
    • 2.1October 2
    • 2.2October 3
    • 2.3October 4
    • 2.3.1Motorcade excursion
  • 2.4October 5

3Continuity of government implications

  • 3.1Fitness concerns

4Reactions

5List of COVID-19 infections and notable exposures

6Timeline of events

7See also

8References

Timeline of viral transmission Background

Throughout the pandemic, Donald Trump [wikipedia.org] and William Barr [wikipedia.org] discouraged officials and staff from wearing masks. Those in the West Wing [wikipedia.org] who did use them often faced ridicule from others.[5] In April, the White House became one of the first locations to gain access to rapid-turnaround COVID-19 tests.[6] In June, the White House scaled back the screening regime, but still required screening and testing for anyone coming into contact with the president or vice president.[7][8]

On September 16, it was reported that at least one unnamed staffer had tested positive.[9][10]

Trump met RNC chairwoman Ronna McDaniel [wikipedia.org] at a September 25 fundraiser, and had not met with her again when she tested positive on September 30.[11][12] McDaniel announced her positive test on October 2.[12][13]

Amy Coney Barrett nomination event, September 26

On September 26, 2020, an event was held in the White House Rose Garden [wikipedia.org] announcing Amy Coney Barrett's nomination to the Supreme Court [wikipedia.org] following the death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg [wikipedia.org].[14] More than 150 people attended; they were told they did not need to wear masks [wikipedia.org] if they had tested negative that day. Chairs for the outdoor ceremony were placed side by side, and there were two crowded indoor receptions.[15][16] At least seven attendees tested positive for the coronavirus in the following week, including[17] President Trump, First Lady Melania, Mike Lee [wikipedia.org], Thom Tillis [wikipedia.org], University of Notre Dame [wikipedia.org] president John I. Jenkins [wikipedia.org], former Counselor to the President Kellyanne Conway [wikipedia.org], and former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie [wikipedia.org].[18][19] Barrett had suffered infection in the summer before recovering and testing negative.[20][21]

Conway's daughter Claudia revealed on social media on the evening of October 2 that Kellyanne Conway had tested positive for COVID-19.[22][23] The same day, Senators Lee and Tillis were revealed to have tested positive.[24][12][13] Christie confirmed on October 3 that he had tested positive for COVID-19. Christie had been present at debate preparation for Trump as well as the nomination ceremony for Barrett.[25][26] Later that day, Christie announced he was hospitalized after his condition worsened.[27] Lee was filmed hugging other attendees while not wearing a mask.[18] Five of these people were seated in the front three rows at the event, in close contact with other Republican senior officials.[28] Jenkins later issued a statement saying: "I regret my error of judgment in not wearing a mask during the ceremony and by shaking hands with a number of people in the Rose Garden."[18]

Infectious disease physician Robert L. Murphy [wikipedia.org] said that if the infections are traced to the Rose Garden ceremony, they may have been started by a super-spreader [wikipedia.org] (a highly contagious person), and that they could have been avoided if face masks were worn and social distancing was practiced. He said, "Whoever got this thing going is a superspreader".[29] The outdoor portion of the event was less likely to be a super-spreader event than the indoor portion.[30]

No contact tracing was done to minimize the spread of the outbreak.[31][32]

First presidential debate, September 29

Trump prepared for the first presidential debate [wikipedia.org] with Chris Christie, Hope Hicks, Kellyanne Conway, Rudy Giuliani, Jason Miller, Mark Meadows, Jared Kushner, Kayleigh McEnany, and Alyssa Farah at the White House from September 26 through September 29.[33] Christie stated that no masks were worn.[34]

On September 29, 2020, White House personnel attended the debate at the Cleveland Clinic [wikipedia.org].[35][36] Also in attendance were Ivanka Trump and her siblings, Donald Jr., Eric, Lara and Tiffany Trump.[37]

Prior to the debate, both campaigns agreed with Commission terms; those terms dictated that all attendees would be masked, with the exception of the two presidential candidates and the debate moderator. However, debate moderator Chris Wallace [wikipedia.org] later revealed that Trump and his personnel arrived too late to be tested and were instead admitted to the debate hall under "an honor system [wikipedia.org]".[38] At least three of those admitted would be diagnosed with COVID-19 in the following days: the president, the first lady, and Hope Hicks.[39]

Masking was enforced at the door, but several of Trump's guests in the audience, including his wife Melania, his family members, and senior staff, removed their masks after entering the hall. When Trump's guests were personally offered masks by Cleveland Clinic staff, they declined.[40][41][42][43] At least 11 individuals involved in preparation for the event later tested positive.[44]

White House and Trump campaign [wikipedia.org] staff involved with debate preparation or attending the debate who would later test positive for coronavirus include Donald Trump, Melania Trump, Hope Hicks, Chris Christie, Kellyanne Conway, and Kayleigh McEnany.

Hicks diagnosed amid secrecy

On Wednesday, September 30, Trump went to suburban Minneapolis for a private fundraiser followed by a rally in Duluth.[45] Hope Hicks, one of his closest advisors, was with him for the trip. The rally ended around 10 p.m. EDT.[46]

During the return flight, Hicks exhibited symptoms and was placed in quarantine.[28] A subsequent test reconfirmed her diagnosis as COVID-positive.[47][48] Aides sensed that Trump was not feeling well during the Wednesday trip.[49]

On the morning of Thursday, October 1, press secretary Kayleigh McEnany [wikipedia.org] held a briefing; McEnany would later test positive.[50] After learning of Trump's positive test, CNN [wikipedia.org] reporter Kaitlan Collins [wikipedia.org] said, "Why did the press secretary still hold a briefing despite knowing she had come into contact with somebody who had just tested positive for coronavirus? She didn't even tell us. Didn't even tell reporters who were on the plane. Didn't disclose any of that."[51]

Bedminster event, October 1

The White House initially sought to keep Hicks' diagnosis secret, and as of the morning of Thursday, October 1, only a very small group of senior White House officials knew of Hicks' diagnosis. No mention of her diagnosis was made in the news briefing that day.[52][49]

At least five of Trump's closest associates cancelled their scheduled traveled to Bedminster: daughter Ivanka Trump, son-in-law Jared Kushner, body man [wikipedia.org] Nick Luna, Trump's campaign manager Dan Scavino, and press secretary Kayleigh McEnany.[53] Despite his exposure, Trump proceeded with the event, flying about Air Force One.[54][55] The event had an indoor roundtable, an indoor VIP reception, and an outdoor reception.[56] At the fundraiser, attendees noted that Trump seemed "lethargic" and "not himself".[48][57] He showed symptoms of a mild cough, some nasal congestion, and fatigue.[58]

Trump diagnosed amid secrecy

Hicks' diagnosis was first reported by Bloomberg at 8 p.m. on October 1.[59][60][61] After returning from Bedminster, Trump received a positive test result[55] on a rapid test and was waiting to get results of a PCR test when he did a live phone interview on Hannity [wikipedia.org].[62]Sean Hannity [wikipedia.org] of Fox News [wikipedia.org] brought up Bloomberg's report about Hicks and asked for an update, whereupon Trump publicly mentioned Hicks' diagnosis for the first time, saying, "I just heard about this. She tested positive."[63][64] Without disclosing that he had already tested positive, he announced that he and the first lady were being tested for SARS-CoV-2.[62][41][65] He repeated this via Twitter [wikipedia.org] after the interview. Later that night, the result of the PCR test also came in positive.[62]

Widespread outbreak

On October 2, it was announced that Trump 2020 campaign manager Bill Stepien [wikipedia.org] tested positive.[66] On October 2, Wisconsin U.S. Senator Ron Johnson [wikipedia.org], who was exposed to someone who tested positive when he returned to Washington D.C. on September 29,[67] tested positive for COVID-19 which he waited to reveal until October 3. Johnson said he had been with Trump over the last several weeks.[68] Three White House press room journalists, including Michael D. Shear [wikipedia.org], also tested positive on October 2, as did a White House staffer who works with the press.[69][70]

Trump's personal attendant Nick Luna's positive test results were announced on October 3. Luna had been at the debate and on the flight to Minnesota.[71]

Claudia Conway, the daughter of Kellyanne Conway, announced on Oct 4 that she had tested positive as well.[72]

On October 5, White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany [wikipedia.org] announced she had also tested positive.[73] Two other White House press room staffers, Chad Gilmartin and Karoline Leavitt, were also reported to have tested positive on October 5.[74]

The New York Times reported the White House was not performing contact tracing [wikipedia.org] for the attendees of the Amy Coney Barrett nomination ceremony, limiting its effort to notifying those who were in close contact with the president during the two days before his diagnosis. The White House also excluded the CDC [wikipedia.org] from the matter, despite its expertise in contact tracing.[32]

In the wake of their exposure to White House personnel, multiple individuals announced having tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, although a negative result does not imply one is not infected.[2][75] Vice President Mike Pence [wikipedia.org] and his wife Karen [wikipedia.org],[76] presidential candidate Joe Biden [wikipedia.org], Biden's running mate Kamala Harris [wikipedia.org], Biden's wife Jill Biden [wikipedia.org], Attorney General William Barr [wikipedia.org], and Trump nominee Barrett all tested negative in the day following public revelation of the outbreak.[77][78][79] Many of Trump's family members, including Ivanka Trump [wikipedia.org], Barron Trump [wikipedia.org], Jared Kushner [wikipedia.org],[80]Eric Trump [wikipedia.org], Lara Trump [wikipedia.org],[81] and Donald Trump Jr. [wikipedia.org] also received a negative result.[82][83]

Despite the growing size of the cluster, the White House made little effort to investigate and contact trace the spread of the virus, nor did it assist outside groups such as local authorities tracing campaign events that had resulted in exposure.[84]

Presidential hospitalization October 2

Donald TrumpTwitter [wikipedia.org]@realDonaldTrump

Tonight, @FLOTUS and I tested positive for COVID-19. We will begin our quarantine and recovery process immediately. We will get through this TOGETHER!

October 2, 2020[85]

At 12:54 a.m. EDT [wikipedia.org] on October 2, Trump announced via Twitter [wikipedia.org] that both he and the first lady had tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 [wikipedia.org] virus that night.[86][87] The afternoon of the same day, the White House announced that Trump would be hospitalized at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center [wikipedia.org] in Bethesda, Maryland [wikipedia.org] "for the next few days" "out of an abundance of caution", on the recommendation of the medical team headed by the Physician to the President [wikipedia.org], Sean Conley [wikipedia.org]. Trump, who was wearing a mask, was briefly filmed walking unassisted from the White House to the Marine One [wikipedia.org] helicopter outside to transport him to Walter Reed.[88] According to White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows [wikipedia.org], Trump was hospitalized because he "had a fever and his blood oxygen level had dropped rapidly".[89] The Associated Press reported that "a person familiar with Trump's condition confirmed that Trump was given oxygen at the White House" in the morning before arriving at Walter Reed, although Trump's doctors have refused to say whether he had ever been given supplemental oxygen.[90] On Friday afternoon, doctors revealed Trump had been given an experimental course of monoclonal antibodies [wikipedia.org] from drug maker Regeneron.[91] That night, Trump received his first infusion of remdesivir [wikipedia.org].[92] The extremely aggressive combination was described as "uncharted territory"; Trump is believed to be the first individual to ever undergo both treatments simultaneously.[93]

October 3 Play media [wikimedia.org]

At an 11 a.m. press conference on October 3, Conley stated that Trump was not currently on oxygen, that he had not had a fever for the past 24 hours, and that he was "doing very well".[94][95][96][97] However, minutes after the press conference, an anonymous source — later identified as Meadows[98] — contradicted the assessment from the doctors, saying "The president's vitals over the last 24 hours were very concerning and the next 48 hours will be critical in terms of his care", adding "We're still not on a clear path yet to a full recovery."[99][100] Shortly thereafter, Meadows stated on the record [wikipedia.org] the president was "doing very well".[101]

On Saturday night, Conley warned that Trump was "not yet out of the woods" with regard to his condition.[103] In the press briefing on the morning of October 3, Conley described Trump as being "just 72 hours into the diagnosis now", raising questions among journalists about when the diagnosis had actually been made, since it had been publicly announced only 36 hours previously. A 72-hour timeline would suggest that Trump actually knew he had the infection on September 30, but proceeded with his plans for a public rally that evening and a fund-raiser on October 1.[97] Conley later clarified that he had meant "day three" instead of "72 hours", referring to the then-current time of Saturday morning compared to the diagnosis time of Thursday night (about 36 hours). Doctors also revealed that he had exhibited symptoms on October 1, including a "mild cough, and some nasal congestion and fatigue".[58] On the night of October 3, the White House released two photos whose captions say they show him working at the hospital; he was shown signing documents but they appeared to be blank.[102]

October 4

In an October 4 press conference, Trump's medical team claimed that he was "doing really well" after his oxygen level dipped the day before and after he was given the steroid dexamethasone [wikipedia.org], which works by reducing inflammation in the lungs[104], but can have significant mental health side effects, including psychosis [wikipedia.org], delirium [wikipedia.org] and mania [wikipedia.org].[105][106] Asked if CT scans showed pneumonia or lung damage, Conley said, "There's some expected findings, but nothing of any major clinical concern." He declined to say what was found.[107] When asked why he was reluctant to disclose that Trump had been given oxygen during the October 3 briefing, Conley stated that he did not want to "give any information that might steer the course of illness in another direction" and "it came off that we're trying to hide something, which wasn't necessarily true."[108]White House Director of Strategic Communications [wikipedia.org]Alyssa Farah [wikipedia.org] later stated that it was "a common medical practice that you want to convey confidence, and you want to raise the spirits of the person you're treating," while also asserting that Meadows' anonymous statement to reporters was intended to "give you guys more information just to try to be as transparent as we can".[109] The president was reported to be angry about Meadows' anonymous assessment.[110]

Motorcade excursion

Later in the day, Trump left the hospital in order to drive past by a gathering of supporters at the medical center, waving from the back seat of an SUV.[111]

The visit drew sharp criticism from an attending physician at Walter Reed, who argued: "That Presidential SUV is not only bulletproof, but hermetically sealed against chemical attack. The risk of COVID-19 transmission inside is as high as it gets outside of medical procedures. The irresponsibility is astounding. My thoughts are with the Secret Service."[112] The administration defended the action by stating that all Secret Service agents inside the vehicle wore personal protective equipment [wikipedia.org] equivalent to the medical workers who had been next to Trump.

According to The Washington Post, some agents within the Secret Service were outraged by Trump's behavior. An anonymous agent told the Post "He's not even pretending to care now".[113]

October 5

At 2:37 p.m. EDT, Trump tweeted that he would be discharged from the hospital at 6:30 p.m. that day.[114] Doctors said in an afternoon news briefing that Trump continued to be treated with dexamethasone and remdesivir.[115] After purportedly pressuring his doctors to release him,[116] he was discharged and arrived at the White House shortly before 7 p.m. He stood for a photo op at the South Portico balcony, where he removed his mask, potentially exposing nearby staffers.[117] Trump appeared to breathe heavily as he steadied himself. He then gave a salute before walking inside.[115][116] He later went back outside with a camera crew to reshoot his entrance.[118]

Continuity of government implications

As of October 3, 2020, a White House spokesperson has confirmed that Trump remains active as president, and that there has been no transfer [wikipedia.org] of presidential power [wikipedia.org] to the vice president.[119] Regarding Trump's hospitalization, White House strategic communications director Alyssa Farah [wikipedia.org] said that he had not transferred power to Vice President Mike Pence. She said, "The president is in charge."[120] On October 2, the Pentagon [wikipedia.org] issued a statement saying, "There's no change to the readiness or capability of our armed forces. Our national command and control structure is in no way affected" by Trump's diagnosis.[121]

On October 2, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi [wikipedia.org], next in line for the presidency after Pence, said that the White House had not contacted her about continuity of government [wikipedia.org].[122] Stock markets briefly slumped more than 1.5 percent after Trump announced his diagnosis, but they cut their losses after Pelosi said she anticipated an economic relief deal. The S&P 500 Index [wikipedia.org] ended the day down almost 1 percent.[123]

Some national security analysts said the president's diagnosis put the United States into "uncharted territory" and "deep into the danger zone".[124] Former Defense Secretary Leon Panetta [wikipedia.org] said that Trump's hospitalization raises serious national security concerns and that adversaries should be expected to exploit any vulnerabilities of the United States.[125] However, several former defense officials downplayed concerns of foreign opportunism and argued that the U.S. national security apparatus — including the nuclear command-and-control [wikipedia.org] elements of that system — is resilient enough to withstand the impact of an ill or incapacitated president. Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East Mick Mulroy [wikipedia.org] said, "Unless symptoms are severe enough for the commander-in-chief to be incapacitated, it would not require a change of the chain of command," and that it was unlikely an adversary would use the situation to "test" the U.S.[124]

Stephen Wertheim, the deputy director of research and policy at the Quincy Institute [wikipedia.org] and a foreign relations scholar at Columbia University [wikipedia.org], observed that, "It seems like a uniquely American pathology to think that the president is suddenly sick and now some unnamed adversaries around the world are going to try something."[124]

The incident has been compared to the non-fatal shooting of Ronald Reagan [wikipedia.org] in 1981, which saw similar concerns over continuity of government [wikipedia.org] amid incapacitation of the president.[126]

Fitness concerns

There was some concern that Trump's steroid treatment could affect his mental state. One expert commented: "Some patients may develop psychiatric symptoms after being treated with steroids including euphoria, mood instability, rage or psychosis. It is rare, but occurs often enough that we recognize them as undesirable side effects of steroid therapy."[127][128]

After Trump left the hospital for a motorcade excursion and posted over a dozen all-caps tweets, it was speculated that the president was suffering from "steroid-induced psychosis [wikipedia.org]".[129] Megan Ranney, an emergency physician and professor at Brown University, told CNN's Wolf Blitzer: "I would never want to say the president is experiencing steroid-induced psychosis, but it is certainly concerning to see some of his actions today in the wake of this potentially deadly diagnosis and infectious disease."[130]

According to reporting by Gabriel Sherman [wikipedia.org] of Vanity Fair [wikipedia.org], Donald Trump Jr. expressed concerns on October 4 that the president was "acting crazy".[128][131][132] On October 5, Trump tweeted that he was "Feeling really good" and felt "better than I did 20 years ago", contributing to some speculation that his mental state was a side effect of medication.[116]

Reactions

Arthur Caplan, a bioethicist [wikipedia.org] at the NYU Grossman School of Medicine [wikipedia.org], has stated that the outbreak and specifically Trump's diagnosis would lead to more calls for transparency about Trump's health as well as conspiracy theories about how he was infected.[133]

The response from the US public was mixed, and often split along ideological lines.[134] Some supporters of Joe Biden said they weren't surprised that Trump and other Republicans had tested positive, due to a perceived lack of precautions from Trump and other Republican party members. Trump supporters expressed sympathy for the president. Some people, on the left and on the right, said they did not believe the diagnosis.[135][136][137] On the news satire [wikipedia.org] sketch Weekend Update [wikipedia.org], comedian Michael Che [wikipedia.org] wished Trump "a very lengthy recovery".[138]

On October 2, Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden said that he and Jill Biden send their "prayers for the health and safety" of Donald and Melania Trump.[139] He took all of his negative political ads off the air following the announcement of Trump's diagnosis.[140] His running mate Sen. Kamala Harris said that she and her husband Doug are sharing their "deepest prayers for the health and recovery of the president and the first lady."[141] Former president Barack Obama extended his "best wishes" to Trump and said that he and Michelle Obama hope for a speedy recovery for the Trumps.[142] House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said, "I always pray for the president and his family that they're safe" and said that she received the news with "great sadness".[143] Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer wished Donald and Melania Trump and White House staffers a "speedy recovery".[144]

Many politicians around the world expressed wishes for a quick recovery; others commented on the lack of response to the pandemic and the downplaying of the virus. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi [wikipedia.org], Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu [wikipedia.org], Russian President Vladimir Putin [wikipedia.org], British Prime Minister Boris Johnson [wikipedia.org] and others issued statements of support over the outbreak through social media.[145] Others were more critical of the outbreak; French government spokesman Gabriel Attal [wikipedia.org] warned that the virus spared no one, even those skeptical about its reality and seriousness. Radoslaw Sikorski [wikipedia.org], a European Parliament [wikipedia.org] member and former Polish foreign minister, tweeted[145] that Trump should not try to treat himself with bleach, referring to Trump's earlier suggestion to try using disinfectants as a Covid-19 treatment "by injection inside or almost a cleaning."[146]

Twitter [wikipedia.org] announced that any posts wishing for Trump's death would be removed for violating the platform's terms of service. Congresswomen Rashida Tlaib [wikipedia.org], Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez [wikipedia.org], Ilhan Omar [wikipedia.org], and Ayanna Pressley [wikipedia.org] criticized Twitter for not taking threats against them seriously, pointing to longstanding posts calling for their deaths that had not been removed.[147]Facebook [wikipedia.org] and TikTok [wikipedia.org] announced similar policies.[148]

An October 2–3 Reuters [wikipedia.org]/Ipsos [wikipedia.org] poll found that American disapproval of Trump's handling of the pandemic had increased from the previous week, with 65% of registered voters agreeing with the statement "if President Trump had taken coronavirus more seriously, he probably would not have been infected."[149]

List of COVID-19 infections and notable exposures Timeline of events

  • September 16: At least one unnamed staffer tests positive[9]
  • September 26:
    • Rose Garden ceremony nominating Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court[14]
    • Middletown, Pennsylvania rally[184]
    • Debate prep team meets at White House[185]
  • September 27:
    • Golfing, Reception for Gold Star [wikipedia.org] families[184]
    • Debate prep team meets at White House[185]
  • September 28: Debate prep team meets at White House[185]
  • September 29:
    • Debate prep team meets at White House[185]
    • First presidential debate[184]
  • September 30:
    • Shorewood fundraiser[184]
    • Duluth rally[184]
    • Hope Hicks quarantined[28]
  • October 1:
    • Kayleigh McEnany holds press briefing despite knowledge of exposure[51]
    • Bedminster fundraiser[184]
    • Trump tests positive[62]
    • Hope Hicks diagnosis revealed by Bloomberg News[59]
    • Sean Hannity appearance[62]
  • October 2:
    • Trump announces his diagnosis via Twitter[86]
    • Trump airlifted to Walter Reed[86]
  • October 3: Trump in hospital[111]
  • October 4: Trump in hospital, motorcade excursion[111]
  • October 5: Trump returns to White House

See also

References

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  2. ^ abYong, Ed (October 2, 2020). "Biden's Negative Test Result Isn't Enough to Say He's in the Clear" [theatlantic.com]. The Atlantic.
  3. ^Russ Choma (October 2, 2020). "Donald Trump Mingled Without a Mask at a New Jersey Fundraiser" [motherjones.com]. Mother Jones.
  4. ^Baker, Peter; Haberman, Maggie (October 5, 2020). "As Trump Seeks to Project Strength, Doctors Disclose Alarming Episodes" [nytimes.com]. The New York Times. ISSN [wikipedia.org] 0362-4331 [worldcat.org].
  5. ^Karni, Annie; Haberman, Maggie (October 3, 2020). "A White House Long in Denial Confronts Reality" [nytimes.com]. The New York Times [wikipedia.org]. Archived [archive.org] from the original on October 4, 2020.
  6. ^Nakamura, David (April 7, 2020). "To Protect Trump, White House among first to use rapid coronavirius test sought by communities" [washingtonpost.com]. The Washington Post. Archived [archive.org] from the original on October 3, 2020.
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  9. ^ abc"White House Staff Members Reportedly Test Positive For COVID Less Than 48 Hours After President Donald Trump Visited Sacramento" [cbslocal.com]. KMAX-TV [wikipedia.org]. CBS. September 17, 2020. Archived [archive.org] from the original on October 4, 2020.
  10. ^Gan, Nectar; Renton, Adam; Wagner, Meg; Macaya, Melissa; Upright, Ed; Guy, Jack (September 17, 2020). "Trump confirms a White House staff member tested positive for coronavirus" [cnn.com]. CNN. Archived [archive.org] from the original on October 2, 2020.
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  12. ^ abcCollins, Kaitlin; Stracqualursi, Veronica (October 2, 2020). "RNC chairwoman Ronna McDaniel tests positive for coronavirus" [cnn.com]. CNN. Archived [archive.org] from the original on October 2, 2020.
  13. ^ abWoodward, Alex (October 2, 2020). "RNC chair Ronna McDaniel and Senator Mike Lee test positive for coronavirus following Trump diagnosis" [independent.co.uk]. The Independent [wikipedia.org].
  14. ^ abKim, Seung Min; Itkowitz, Colby (September 26, 2020). "Trump announces Judge Amy Coney Barrett is his pick for the Supreme Court" [washingtonpost.com]. The Washington Post. Archived [archive.org] from the original on October 3, 2020.
  15. ^Rucker, Philip; Dawsey, Josh; Parker, Ashley; Costa, Robert (October 2, 2020). "Invincibility punctured by infection: How the coronavirus spread in Trump's White House" [washingtonpost.com]. The Washington Post. Archived [archive.org] from the original on October 3, 2020.
  16. ^Bash, Dana; Bohn, Kevin (October 5, 2020). "Inside Amy Coney Barrett's White House reception" [cnn.com]. CNN.
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  18. ^ abcO'Connell, Oliver (October 2, 2020). "White House SCOTUS announcement is suspected as Covid super-spreader event as video shows infected senator hugging attendees" [independent.co.uk]. The Independent [wikipedia.org]. Archived [archive.org] from the original on October 3, 2020.
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  20. ^"Amy Coney Barrett Had COVID-19 Symptoms in Recent Months, Friends of Supreme Court Pick Say" [time.com]. Time. Archived [archive.org] from the original on October 3, 2020.
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Journal Reference:
Warren K N, Katakam J, Espiridion E D. Acute-onset Mania in a Patient with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Cureus (DOI: 10.7759%2Fcureus.5436 [doi.org])

Original Submission