SoylentNews

upstart [soylentnews.org] writes:

████ # This file was generated bot-o-matically! Edit at your own risk. ████

Spaceweather.com Time Machine [spaceweather.com]:

Lights Over Lapland has a full catalogue of exciting adventures in Abisko National Park, Sweden! Check out our daytime and evening activities and book your adventure [lightsoverlapland.com]!

THE MOON AND JUPITER: When the sun goes down tonight, step outside and look southeast. The waxing gibbous Moon is passing Jupiter in the constellation Capricorn. Try to catch them before the sky fades to black. A Moon-Jupiter pairing framed by twilight blue is extra beautiful. [sky map [skyandtelescope.org]]

A VOLCANIC COMET BLOWS ITS TOP: So you think you know what a comet is? Think again. Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann is challenging old ideas. Astronomers call it a comet, but, really, "giant space volcano" might be a better description. It's a 60-km-wide ball of ice orbiting the Sun beyond Jupiter, and it appears to be one of the most volcanically active bodies in the entire Solar System.

Comet 29P just blew its top ... again. In late September 2021, 29P erupted four times in quick succession, blowing shells of "cryomagma" into space. Arizona amateur astronomer Eliot Herman has been monitoring the debris:

"Initially it looked like a bright compact object," says Herman. "Now the expanding cloud [soylentnews.org] is 1.3 arcminutes wide (bigger than Jupiter) and sufficiently transparent for background stars to shine through."

When this object was discovered in 1927, astronomers thought they had found a fairly run-of-the-mill comet, unusual mainly because it was trapped in a nearly circular orbit [britastro.org] between Jupiter and Saturn. 29P quickly proved them wrong as it began to erupt over and over again. Modern observations show that outbursts are happening as often as 20 times a year.

"The current outburst, which began on Sept. 25th, appears to be the most energetic of the past 40 years," says Dr. Richard Miles of the British Astronomical Association (BAA). "Within a span of only 56 hours, four eruptions took place in quick succession, creating a 'superoutburst.'"

Miles has developed a theory to explain what's happening. The "comet," he believes, is festooned with ice volcanoes. There is no lava. Instead, the volcanoes are powered by a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons (e.g., CH4, C2H4, C2H6 and C3H8) akin to those found in the lakes and streams of Saturn's moon Titan. In Miles's model, the cryomagma contains a sprinkling of dust and it is suffused with dissolved gases N2 and CO, all trapped beneath a surface which, in some places, has the consistency of wax. These bottled-up volatiles love to explode when a fissure is opened.

In a seminal paper [sciencedirect.com] published 5 years ago, Miles studied more than a decade's worth of eruptions, and he found some patterns. The data suggest that 29P rotates every 57.7 days. The most active vents are concentrated on one side of the ice-ball in a range of longitudes less than 150 degrees wide. At least 6 discrete sources have been identified.

While most outbursts fade within a week or so, this superoutburst is still visible. The rat-a-tat-tat eruption in September boosted the comet's brightness 250-fold, and it hasn't declined much since then. With an integrated magnitude between +10 and +11, the expanding cloud is well within reach of backyard telescopes.

"Comet 29P can be seen with an 8 inch 'scope," says Herman. "In smaller instruments it will appear to be a bright dot. To resolve the cloud and photograph individual stars shining through it, I used the big half-meter iTelescope T11 [itelescope.net]."

Ready see something weird? 29P is located in the constellation Auriga, easy to find high in the sky at midnight. Visit Sky&Telescope for observing tips [skyandtelescope.org]. Also, for the latest news check out the BAA's MISSION 29P [britastro.org] website.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery [spaceweathergallery.com]
Free:Spaceweather.com Newsletter [soylentnews.org]

STERLING SILVER OPAL PENDANT: It's our most beautiful space pendant ever: The Sterling Silver Opal [www.earthtosky.store]. The students of Earth to Sky Calculus just launched one to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon. Here it is floating 103,018 ft above Earth's surface on Sept. 5th:

You can have it for $179.95 [www.earthtosky.store]. Wrapped in a sterling silver Celtic love knot, the opal is suspended from a matching 18-inch chain.  Each pendant comes with a greeting card showing the opal in flight, telling the story of its trip to the edge of space and back again.

Opals are cousins of moonstones; in fact they look the same in low light. But when bright sunlight strikes an opal, something special happens. A spray of color emerges from the stone. This happened while the stone was in the stratosphere (see above) and it remains capable of this beautiful trick back on Earth.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store [www.earthtosky.store]
All sales support hands-on STEM education

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery [spaceweathergallery.com]
Free:Spaceweather.com Newsletter [soylentnews.org]

All Sky Fireball Network Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras [nasa.gov] scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Oct 14, 2021, the network reported 21 fireballs.
(16 sporadics, 2 Orionids, 2 epsilon Geminids, 1 southern Taurid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded [soylentnews.org] by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image [soylentnews.org]] [movies [nasa.gov]]

Near Earth Asteroids Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs [nasa.gov]) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones [minorplanetcenter.org] all the time. On October 15, 2021 there were 2222 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:AsteroidDate(UT)Miss DistanceVelocity (km/s)Diameter (m)2021 TT1 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-101 LD 17.1202021 TT10 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-101.7 LD 14.6732021 RF5 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1019.9 LD 8.8482021 TE8 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-106.5 LD 11.1192021 TO3 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1013 LD 9.7192021 TQ1 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-103.1 LD 5.482021 TK11 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-110.4 LD 10.372021 TT13 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-110.1 LD 13.542021 TH15 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-110.8 LD 12.562021 TQ6 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-119.6 LD 5.3282021 QF5 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1115.4 LD 7.1622019 SE5 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1116.3 LD 6.6162021 TY2 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1110.2 LD 5.2152021 TC13 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1111.7 LD 9.5232021 SF1 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-126.2 LD 3.4132021 TN1 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-127.5 LD 3.6192021 TE13 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-120.1 LD 10.952021 TS10 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1217 LD 8.4292021 TN9 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1210.4 LD 8.6152021 TN14 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-131.6 LD 10.772021 TX10 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-132.5 LD 8.692021 TP8 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-144.4 LD 12.3102021 TM14 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-140.4 LD 8.582021 TL14 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-141.3 LD 6152021 TS3 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1410.9 LD 4.2132021 TC1 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1414.6 LD 6.6312021 SM1 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-146.9 LD 7.2272021 TT4 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-145.1 LD 3.192021 TN6 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1410 LD 19.8352021 SM3 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1513 LD 15.8962021 TV10 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-151.9 LD 11.6102021 TD13 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-157 LD 10132017 TH1 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-1515 LD 8.8312021 TK10 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-155.9 LD 9.8122021 TY14 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-152 LD 8.8142021 TJ15 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-161 LD 12.382021 TF13 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-167.5 LD 18192021 TJ12 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-175.5 LD 9.6222021 TH13 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-171.7 LD 8.682021 TG14 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-180.7 LD 11.472021 TO14 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-186.4 LD 15.8362020 TH6 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-197.3 LD 5.962021 TX2 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-199 LD 10.7332021 TX14 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-191.3 LD 10.5171996 VB3 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-208.8 LD 15.31352021 TV3 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-2113.3 LD 12.7472021 TE4 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-218.3 LD 6152021 SG2 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-2115.9 LD 5.9252021 RE10 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-2115.5 LD 5.1562021 TE1 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-239.5 LD 12.4472017 SJ20 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-2518.7 LD 15.71202019 UW6 [nasa.gov] 2021-Oct-268 LD 11.1172009 WY7 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-0219.2 LD 14.7542021 TJ14 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-0219 LD 9.6402017 TS3 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-0213.9 LD 9.91312005 VL1 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-0417 LD 5.2182020 KA [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-0614.9 LD 4.8112021 SP3 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-0815.6 LD 9.3702019 XS [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-091.5 LD 10.7652017 WG14 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-1018.6 LD 11.6452007 VD138 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-1216 LD 7.7442004 UE [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-1311.1 LD 13.22242016 VR [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-158 LD 8.7202010 VK139 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-156.4 LD 13.9652019 VL5 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-158.6 LD 8232016 JG12 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-2014.4 LD 7.51122021 KH2 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-2119.3 LD 6.5313361 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-2115.1 LD 8.15112014 WF201 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-2413.2 LD 5.5272009 WB105 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-2515.1 LD 18.9712019 BB5 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-2518.8 LD 8.3161994 WR12 [nasa.gov] 2021-Nov-2916.1 LD 8.81234660 [nasa.gov] 2021-Dec-1110.3 LD 6.67742019 XQ1 [nasa.gov] 2021-Dec-1314.1 LD 9.130Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach. Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus [facebook.com] fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 6 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results: Our most recent flight on June 25, 2021, confirms a trend of decreasing cosmic radiation:

Cosmic ray dose rates peaked in late 2019, and have been slowly declining ever since. This makes perfect sense. Solar Minimum was in late 2019. During Solar Minimum the sun's magnetic field weakens, allowing more cosmic rays into the solar system. We expect dose rate to be highest at that time.

Now that Solar Minimum has passed, the sun is waking up again. Solar magnetic fields are strengthening, providing a stiffer barrier to cosmic rays trying to enter the solar system. The decline of cosmic radiation above California is a sign that new Solar Cycle 25 is gaining strength.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds [nature.com], trigger lightning [sciencemag.org], and penetrate commercial airplanes [spaceweatherarchive.com]. According to a study [biomedcentral.com] from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays [spaceweatherarchive.com], irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1 [heartrhythmjournal.com], #2 [nih.gov], #3 [nih.gov], #4 [shao.az]) llink cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes:

In this plot, dose rates are expessed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb.

Technical notes:

The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies [wikipedia.org] span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum [hist-geo-space-sci.net], which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today [spaceweatherarchive.com].

Essential web links NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center [noaa.gov] The official U.S. government space weather bureauAtmospheric Optics [atoptics.co.uk] The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.Solar Dynamics Observatory [nasa.gov] Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.STEREO [nasa.gov] 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations ObservatorySolar and Heliospheric Observatory [nasa.gov] Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.SolarMonitor.org [solarmonitor.org] information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region SummaryDaily Sunspot Summaries [noaa.gov] from the NOAA Space Environment CenterNOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts [noaa.gov] fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.Aurora 30 min forecast [noaa.gov] from the NOAA Space Environment CenterHeliophysics [ucar.edu] the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement [windowrepairphoenix.com] experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash [sellusyourcaronline.com] and buying a high quality telescope.Spaceweather.com welcomes these supporters of science communication: RV Sales [pedatarvcenter.com] and Arizona SEO [liftedwebsites.com] and Arizona Business Directory [azcharged.com] and C8 Corvette [c8corvetteblog.com] | Phoenix Personal Injury Lawyer [garyphillipsaccidentlaw.com] | Phoenix SEO [diapmedia.com]Going above and beyond to provide the best homes listings in the Comox real estate market [brettcairns.com] to keep you up to date and informedNASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page [nasa.gov]

In regards to YouTube, it's best to buy real Youtube subscribers [brsm.io] from companies like BRSM.IO and not fake subscribers!

One of the most popular casino games is the Book Of Dead Slot based on ancient Egyptian text, you can find all the casinos with spins at bookofdeadslotsites.com [bookofdeadslotsites.com].

Strange but true: Online casinos [casinohex.co.za] support science educationFind the top Aussie casinos for real money [topaussiecasinos.com] at the Aussie Casino siteWhen looking for casinos to play online when the weather is bad, you can try luotettavat nettikasinot [luotettavatnettikasinot.net] for Finnish games. If you are not from Finland you can try the Swedish page Svenska casino online to find suitable games, check out svenskacasinoonline.net [svenskacasinoonline.net]. Always check your local laws before playing with real money.Finns rank fourth among the world’s biggest gamblers. More on Finnish online casinos you can find at Nettikasino [nettikasino.top] site.Chicago SEO Expert [chicagowebsitedesignseocompany.com]Search Kelowna Real Estate [kelownahomes.ca] Listings & Homes for Sale easily.
Find help on all

https://irg.space">

href="https://www.baen.com/Chapters/A9781982125653/A9781982125653___2.htm">

HEY! SOMEBODY'S GOTTA PAY THE SERVER BILLS...

;

Original Submission