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upstart writes:

This year will decide if Horizon Worlds "will go down as the work of visionaries or a legendary misadventure," according to a Meta executive:

Meta CTO Andrew Bosworth is giving the metaverse a year to become a hit, according to an internal forum post reported by Business Insider. That time period will determine whether Reality Labs' mixed reality efforts are "the work of visionaries or a legendary misadventure," he writes.

Bosworth details his expectations early in the post:

We have the best portfolio of products we've ever had in market and are pushing our advantage by launching half a dozen more AI powered wearables. We need to drive sales, retention, and engagement across the board but especially in MR [Mixed Reality]. And Horizon Worlds on mobile absolutely has to break out for our long term plans to have a chance.

The post comes days after Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg's recently leaked comments in an all-hands meeting, in which he predicted an "intense year" and emphasized the need to stay in the lead with its smart glasses, which have taken the spotlight away from Reality Labs' Quest headsets.

Bosworth says that despite 2024 being the department's best year, Reality Labs hasn't "actually made a dent in the world yet." The group is smaller now in the wake of layoffs and the success of Meta's Ray-bans and AI efforts, but Bosworth wrote that it doesn't "need big teams to do great work" and that he thinks smaller teams have moved faster and produce better results.

He closes out the post saying the team doesn't need "a bunch of new ideas," but that most in the group "just need to execute on the work laid out before them to succeed." As for what happens if Horizon Worlds doesn't become a hit in the next year, Bosworth doesn't get more specific than his "legendary misadventure" comment. But it seems unlikely that it'll take off now, making his post feel more like an expiration date than anything else.

Do you think Mixed Reality will take off and, if not, why has it failed to become as popular as Meta believes it eventually will? What do you see as the future for MR?

Original Submission

Arthur T Knackerbracket has processed the following story:

Platinum, a metal that helps craft aesthetically pleasing jewelry, also finds use in a car's exhaust for entirely non-aesthetic reasons. The catalytic converter is required on nearly every car to remove harmful gases, such as nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide, from your exhaust. Platinum and other heavy metals such as palladium and rhodium in the catalytic converter act a catalyst in detoxifying these gases.

However, the presence of such precious metals and catalytic converters' easy accessibility makes converters a sought-after target for thieves known as "cutters." Catalytic converter theft witnessed an exponential rise during the pandemic, peaking in 2022, when State Farm alone saw 45,000 claims for stolen converters. Cutters often sell the stolen converters to scrap recyclers, who then extract the pure platinum and palladium. 

So how much platinum and palladium does your catalytic converter contain? Also, why exactly does the mostly inert platinum find its use in a catalytic converter? 

[...] The major reason why catalytic converter theft skyrocketed after the pandemic was the sudden price rise of the catalyst, especially platinum and palladium. During their peak, platinum sold for $1,289 per ounce and palladium sold for $3,307 per ounce, making a typical catalytic converter worth at least $128 of platinum and $231 of palladium. With metal prices settling since the pandemic, a typical catalytic converter now contains upward of $90 worth of platinum and $68 worth of palladium. The massive drop in prices and government efforts to end catalytic converter theft have been a key reason they've declined in recent times.

[...] While numerous other metals such as copper, nickel, manganese, cerium, and iron can all behave as catalysts for the these reactions, they often lack the stability and heat tolerance needed to withstand the high temperatures and elemental exposure in a car's exhaust. As a result, metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium become the perfect fit for catalytic converters, helping reduce harmful exhausts that can have detrimental environmental effects such as acid rain and formation of ground-level ozone.

Original Submission

digitalaudiorock writes:

For what is apparently the fifth time in recent years, changes to the Cloudflare browser integrity check are blocking the Palemoon browser as well as other non-mainstream browsers from any sites that use it. Every time this has happened before it's taken at least two weeks for them to address it. This one has gone on for a week and Cloudflare has yet to even acknowledge it. Here's the original post on the Palemoon forum:

https://forum.palemoon.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=32045

The following post was then made on the Cloudflare community forum. Oddly, the thread was apparently closed because forum users flagged it as spam. It's pretty clear that these were pro-Cloudflare trolls on the forum that Cloudflare themselves is apparently OK with...likely because they troll on Cloudflare's side:

https://community.cloudflare.com/t/access-denied-to-pale-moon-desktop-browser/764330

This was later started on Hacker News:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42953508

It's bad enough that many sites get coded so as to only work on mainstream browsers. However it's a much bigger issue when a company that's becoming the gateway to the web does so. In addition to the countless things that are wrong with this, I also agree with this post from user "Deadgye" on the Palemoon forum, making a case for false advertising on their part:

https://forum.palemoon.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=32045&start=100#p259382

The cynic in me wonders if every time I get blocked from a site, I might be doing a $blocked_bots++ to some statistics Clouldflare may brag about.

Original Submission

TheReaperD writes:

News of mass immigration arrests has swept across the US over the past couple of weeks. Reports from Massachusetts to Idaho have described agents from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (Ice) spreading through communities and rounding people up. Quick Google searches for Ice operations, raids and arrests return a deluge of government press releases. Headlines include "ICE arrests 85 during 4-day Colorado operation", "New Orleans focuses targeted operations on 123 criminal noncitizens", and in Wisconsin, "ICE arrests 83 criminal aliens".

But The Guardian took a closer look at these Ice reports tells a different story.

All the archived Ice press releases soaring to the top of Google search results were marked with the same timestamp and read: "Updated: 01/24/2025".

So, it looks like rather than actually doing any immigration raids, they're simply changing the timestamps on [some] raids dating back to 2008 to claim credit again for raids they did long [ago]. Once again, hype over substance.

Original Submission

upstart writes:

Piecing together the puzzle of the world's earliest datable rune stone:

Piecing together fragments of the world's earliest known rune stone shows they fit together like a jigsaw puzzle and may have been separated intentionally, shedding light on the varied pragmatic and ritual aspects of early Germanic rune stones.

Runes were the letters used to write Germanic languages before the adoption of the Latin alphabet, the oldest of which were in use until about AD 700. However, how these runes originated and were used is unclear.

"The development of runic writing and the practice of inscribing runes on stone are difficult to trace," says Dr. Kristel Zilmer, professor in runology at the University of Oslo, and member of the research team behind a new publication in Antiquity.

Thus, the discovery of several sandstone fragments inscribed with runes at the grave field of Svingerud, Norway, is exciting, as they shed light on early use of runic writing on stone and feature multiple intriguing sequences of runes alongside other puzzling markings. The archaeological contexts of the finds provide excellent opportunities for dating the rune stone by radiocarbon dates.

The pieces of stone were found in separate graves. Through meticulous archaeological investigations over three field seasons and analysis of the fragments in the lab, the research team found that they fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. By piecing together the fragments, the team were able to detect several runic inscriptions.

[...] This suggests that the original, large stone was intentionally fragmented, scattered and incorporated into later burials. Perhaps the stone was initially intended to mark one grave, but was fragmented to commemorate subsequent burials.

This invites a different perspective on the rune stone: could some of the unidentified symbols bridge the gap between ornamental script and early writing? Was the fragmentation and scattering of rune stones a means to connect different graves across the grave field?

Journal Reference: Inscribed sandstone fragments of Hole, Norway: radiocarbon dates provide insight into rune-stone traditions, Antiquity (2025). DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2024.225

Original Submission

upstart writes:

Deepfake videos are getting shockingly good:

Researchers from TikTok owner ByteDance have demoed a new AI system, OmniHuman-1, that can generate perhaps the most realistic deepfake videos to date.

Deepfaking AI is a commodity. There's no shortage of apps that can insert someone into a photo, or make a person appear to say something they didn't actually say. But most deepfakes — and video deepfakes in particular — fail to clear the uncanny valley. There's usually some tell or obvious sign that AI was involved somewhere.

Not so with OmniHuman-1 — at least from the cherry-picked samples the ByteDance team released. [Ed Note: The source contains some examples if you wish to enable it's access to your computer.]

According to the ByteDance researchers, OmniHuman-1 only needs a single reference image and audio, like speech or vocals, to generate a clip of an arbitrary length. The output video's aspect ratio is adjustable, as is the subject's "body proportion" — i.e. how much of their body is shown in the fake footage.

Trained on 19,000 hours of video content from undisclosed sources, OmniHuman-1 can also edit existing videos — even modifying the movements of a person's limbs. It's truly astonishing how convincing the result can be.

Granted, OmniHuman-1 isn't perfect. The ByteDance team says that "low-quality" reference images won't yield the best videos, and the system seems to struggle with certain poses.

Also look at: OmniHuman-1: Rethinking the Scaling-Up of One-Stage Conditioned Human Animation Models

Original Submission

Freeman, and an Anonymous Coward submitted the same story:

As Internet enshittification marches on, here are some of the worst offenders:

Two years ago, a Canadian writer named Cory Doctorow coined the phrase "enshittification" to describe the decay of online platforms. The word immediately set the Internet ablaze, as it captured the growing malaise regarding how almost everything about the web seemed to be getting worse.

"It's my theory explaining how the Internet was colonized by platforms, why all those platforms are degrading so quickly and thoroughly, why it matters, and what we can do about it," Doctorow explained in a follow-up article. "We're all living through a great enshittening, in which the services that matter to us, that we rely on, are turning into giant piles of shit. It's frustrating. It's demoralizing. It's even terrifying."

Doctorow believes there are four basic forces that might constrain companies from getting worse: competition, regulation, self-help, and tech workers. One by one, he says, these constraints have been eroded as large corporations squeeze the Internet and its denizens for dollars.

If you want a real-world, literal example of enshittification, let's look at actual poop. When Diapers.com refused Amazon's acquisition offer, Amazon lit $100 million on fire, selling diapers way below cost for months, until Diapers.com folded. With another competitor tossed aside, Amazon was then free to sell diapers at its price from wherever it wanted to source them.

Anyway, we at Ars have covered a lot of things that have been enshittified. Here are some of the worst examples we've come across. Hopefully, you'll share some of your own experiences in the comments. We might even do a follow-up story based on those.

upstart writes:

Russia VPN Crackdown Revelation - VPN Sites Hide Their IP Addresses:

Reports concerning the Russian government's growing intolerance of VPNs, often refer to the technology or associated services as "banned" or otherwise outlawed.

While technically inaccurate, amendments to local law effectively place VPN services into two groups. The first group contains the VPN providers officially registered with the authorities. The second group contains the illegal services, whose owners haven't yet agreed to provide the authorities with unfettered access, when that becomes necessary.

Illegal VPN services are unsurprisingly illegal to sell. Under more recent amendments, it's also illegal to promote or encourage illegal VPN use, or provide tutorials or similar assistance to others. These are crimes punishable under law but at least for now, Russian authorities seem more likely to block offending websites, to prevent Russians from viewing illegal information.

Thanks to the tireless work of digital rights group Roskomsvoboda, blocking orders issued by many government departments, courts, and less easily defined entities that seem to come and go, can be accessed much more easily.

A Verstka.Media review of the blocking data published this week, found a fivefold increase in persistent site blocking in 2024, when compared to data for 2022.

AnonTechie writes:

Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development have identified who is most susceptible to online misinformation and why. Their meta-analysis reveals surprising patterns on how demographic and psychological factors—including age, education, political identity, analytical thinking, and motivated reflection—affect people's ability to assess the accuracy of information. For instance, individuals with higher levels of education are just as likely to fall for misinformation as those with a lower level of education. The work, published in the journal PNAS, provides important information for theory building and designing interventions.

[...] The researchers found no significant impact of education on people's ability to distinguish between true and false information. This contradicts the widespread belief that more educated individuals are likely to be less susceptible to misinformation, especially as higher education teaches us critical thinking. The study also challenges assumptions about age and misinformation. While older adults are often portrayed as more vulnerable to fake news, the analysis found that they were actually better than younger adults at distinguishing between true and false headlines. Older adults were also more skeptical and tended to label headlines as false more often. Paradoxically, however, previous research has consistently shown that older adults engage with and share more misinformation online. The study distinguishes between three age groups: 18-31 years, 32-47 years and 48-88 years.

[...] Political identity also played a key role. The meta-analysis confirmed previous research showing that individuals who identify as Republicans are more likely to fall for misinformation than those who identify as Democrats. Republicans were less accurate at assessing the veracity of news and tended to label more headlines as true, whereas Democrats were more skeptical.

Individuals with higher analytical thinking skills—that is, who are better at logically evaluating information, identifying patterns, and systematically solving problems—performed better overall and were more skeptical (tending to classify news as false). People were more likely to believe that news that aligned with their political identity was true and to disregard news that was not aligned with their political identity—a phenomenon known as partisan bias.

Frosty Piss writes:

https://techcrunch.com/2025/02/04/google-removes-pledge-to-not-use-ai-for-weapons-from-website/

Google removed a pledge to not build AI for weapons or surveillance from its website this week. The change was first spotted by Bloomberg. The company appears to have updated its public AI principles page, erasing a section titled "applications we will not pursue," which was still included as recently as last week.

Asked for comment, the company pointed TechCrunch to a new blog post on "responsible AI." It notes, in part, "we believe that companies, governments, and organizations sharing these values should work together to create AI that protects people, promotes global growth, and supports national security."

Original Submission

upstart writes:

Warmer, More Crowded Cities Bring Out the Rats:

Jonathan Richardson was long bothered by hyperbolic headlines proclaiming the rat problem in so-and-so city was out of control. City dwellers do have cause for concern—the animals bring both disease and distress—but the urban ecologist at the University of Richmond balked at claims saying one city had it worse than another. "There were not a lot of data," he says. Yet having real numbers on rodent infestations is critical for determining whether control measures are working. So, he and colleagues embarked on a global study of how rat populations in major cities have changed over time.

Climate change emerged as a driving factor behind urban rat swarms, the researchers report today in Science Advances. As temperatures rise, they conclude, and people flock to urban areas and convert formerly "green" spaces into neighborhoods and shopping centers, they created a perfect storm for rat populations to explode. And the city that's fared the worst over the past decade? Washington, D.C.

[...] Smart, cooperative, and resilient, rats have coevolved with humans for millennia and have fine-tuned their ability to take advantage of garbage, debris piles, sewers, and small postage stamp–size plots of soil along sidewalks for food and nesting. The animals can transmit disease, spoil food and animal feed supplies—costing the United States $27 billion per year—and cause mental anguish in city dwellers. "Like the proverbial 'canary in the mine' our 'rats in the city' provide an indication of human welfare," Bartal says.

To learn more about this threat, Richardson and colleagues reached out to city governments around the U.S. to collect data on rat populations, as well as average temperature, human population, and property development trends. And because so few places keep or share rat data, they expanded the study to cities outside the U.S. and eventually ended up with 16 where there were inspection, trapping, and rat sighting records across an average of 12 years that had been compiled by these municipalities.

"It is a lot of work to build these databases," says Miriam Maas, who studies animal-borne infectious at the Centre for Infectious Disease Control and was not involved with the work. "[But] when done on 16 cities, it is possible to see trends."

day of the dalek writes:

Eagles or Chiefs? Who's your pick to win the Super Bowl?

Anyone can make a guess, but can we predict the winner with some skill? At first glance, the Eagles were 14-3 during the regular season, but the Chiefs had a slightly better record at 15-2. Therefore, we should pick the Chiefs, right? As college football commentator Lee Corso would say, not so fast, my friend.

A game like chess has no luck at all. You might say you got lucky if your opponent made a poor decision, but that's really just human error. When I make a move like to castle kingside, that move always happens in the exact same way, with no luck involved. In football, however, there's a lot of random chance. A gust of wind might blow a field goal wide right, or a receiver might slip on a slick field and miss an otherwise easy pass. Or the officials might miss a call due to their own human error. Research shows that there's a lot of luck in football, and it doesn't always even out over a 16 or 17 game season. If we want to predict the outcome of future games skillfully, we need a way to distinguish lucky teams from good teams.

The most accurate prediction systems rely heavily on margin of victory instead of a team's won-loss record. If the quarterback throws a pass to a wide open receiver, but the receiver slips on a slick field and doesn't catch the pass, it might prevent the team from scoring a touchdown on that drive. Luck might cost the team a touchdown, but it's a lot less likely for bad luck to cost that team two or three touchdowns. When teams win or lose games by larger margins, they're more insulated from the effects of luck. A team that wins a lot of close games might well be getting lucky, but a team that's blowing out their opponents is probably just a really good team. Strength of schedule also matters. If a team is winning a lot of blowout games but against lesser competition, they're probably not as good as their record or margins of victory might suggest.

Another factor is the pace of play. A team that plays quickly is going to run more plays during a game, and that will also result in more scoring. A good team that plays quickly will probably win by larger margins, but a bad team with a rapid tempo is going to lose by larger margins. Many good prediction systems also take this into account, as well as that teams also tend to perform slightly better when they're at home than on the road.

During the regular season, the Chiefs outscored their opponents by a total of 59 points, but the Eagles had a much larger scoring margin of 160 points. But what about their schedules?

Two of the best rating systems are ESPN's Football Power Index (FPI) and Jeff Sagarin's ratings. FPI shows that the Chiefs played the 20th toughest schedule, compared to the Eagles with the 23rd strongest schedule. Sagarin also has the Chiefs' schedule at #20, but the Eagles at #30. According to Sagarin, the average Chiefs opponent was 0.97 points tougher than the average Eagles opponent. Over the course of the season, this is worth about 16.49 points. If the Eagles played the same schedule as the Chiefs, we would expect the Chiefs to have a scoring margin of 75.49 points. That's a little better, but still not nearly as good as the Eagles.

The advanced metrics generally agree that the Eagles are the better team. If we subtract their FPI ratings, we would expect the Eagles to be favored by 2.1 points. Sagarin's ratings suggest Eagles by 4.08. On paper, the advanced metrics say the Eagles have a small edge over the Chiefs. But those predictions are actually the mean (or very close to it) of a statistical distribution of possible outcomes. FPI favors the Eagles by 2.1, but gives them a 56.1% chance of winning. Although we can predict football games with some skill, this is why we still have to play the games.

Original Submission

upstart writes:

Google offering 'voluntary exit' for employees working on Pixel, Android:

Last year, the teams responsible for Pixel hardware and Android software were merged into one division, and Google today announced a "voluntary exit program" for employees working in the Platforms & Devices group.

SVP Rick Osterloh sent out a memo to employees this morning about the "voluntary exit program," and the company confirmed to 9to5Google that this is happening.

This program applies to US employees working on Platforms & Devices, which includes Android (Auto, TV, Wear OS, XR), Chrome, ChromeOS, Google Photos, Google One, Pixel, Fitbit, and Nest. Google has many people around the world working on these products, but today's announcement is just for those stateside.

Meanwhile, this is not a company-wide offer that applies to Search, AI, or other groups, though Alphabet's new CFO last October said "driving further efficiencies" was a key priority.

Separately, software and hardware were already two very large organizations, with some overlap. Now that things have settled in recent months, employees have a better idea of their roles. Osterloh said the division received questions about the possibility of voluntary exits since the Pixel-Android merger. Not offering people the option to leave in advance was a complaint about how Google handled past layoffs.

The memo frames this exit program as being beneficial for those who might not be aligned or passionate about the combined organization's mission or are having difficulty with their roles, and hybrid working requirements.

In leaving Google, employees will get a severance package, with more details internally coming soon. From what we learned, this program does not coincide with any product roadmap changes.

Before the merger, the Google hardware division last January switched to a functional organization model where there is one team (and leader) for teams like hardware engineering across Pixel, Nest, and Fitbit. At the same time, a few hundred roles were cut. The broader unification in April was designed to "speed up decision-making" internally.

Original Submission

taylorvich writes:

https://physics.aps.org/articles/v18/22

A bowl of steaming hot pasta covered in your favorite sauce and dusted with a healthy dose of parmesan cheese comes high on the list of ultimate comfort foods. But cooking that pasta to perfection can be more difficult than seemingly simple recipes imply. Now two separate teams of researchers have explored two different aspects of executing a flawless dish. In one study, Phillip Toultchinski and Thomas Vilgis of the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Germany, studied whether perfectly al dente spaghetti could be prepared in a more energy-efficient way [1]. In a second study, Matteo Ciarchi and Daniel Busiello of the Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Germany, Giacomo Bartolucci of the University of Barcelona, Spain, and colleagues developed a recipe for making perfect cacio e pepe, a three-ingredient cheese sauce that is surprisingly easy to mess up [2]. "It is very difficult to make this sauce," says Busiello. "You are almost always doomed to fail."

The study by Toultchinski and Vilgis was inspired by a brouhaha over a 2022 Facebook post by physics Nobel laureate Giorgio Parisi. In that post, Parisi suggested that chefs could reduce the energy needed for cooking pasta using a "heat-off-lid-on" method. In this method, after the pasta is added to boiling water, the heat source is turned off and the pot is covered with a lid. The pasta is left to cook in slowly cooling water. Studies indicate than a significant fraction of the cooking energy could be saved this way. But chefs questioned whether this method could achieve al dente pasta—pasta that is soft on the outside and crunchy at its core.

To put a scientific answer to this question, Toultchinski and Vilgis studied three methods of cooking pasta. The first method is the most familiar one: Add pasta to boiling water and keep that water roiling until the pasta is perfectly cooked. The second method, which the team terms presoaking, involves soaking the pasta in cold water for one and a half hours prior to cooking. The soaked pasta is then cooked in boiling water. The third method was Parisi's heat-off-lid-on method. For all experiments, the team used the same pot and the same amounts of dry durum-wheat spaghetti (150 g) and water (1.5 l). For the heat-off-lid-on method, the lid was a sheet of aluminum foil.

Toultchinski and Vilgis show that the heat-off-lid-on method used the least energy, while the traditional method used the most. Roughly 60% of the energy needs for cooking pasta comes from keeping the water roiling while the pasta cooks, so eliminating this step leads to significant energy saving, Vilgis says. Presoaking also considerably reduced the energy needs, as it lowered the cooking time from 13 minutes to 3 minutes. "Presoaked pasta cooks very fast," Vilgis says. But do all three methods achieve perfect al dente pasta?

You will have to read the article to find out the results because it is just too big to summarise here...

Original Submission

Arthur T Knackerbracket has processed the following story:

Macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of vision loss, affecting millions worldwide, especially those over 60. However, Soliddd Corp may have an answer to the problem: a pair of smart glasses that treat macular degeneration.

These glasses promise to restore vision for individuals grappling with this debilitating condition, helping them regain independence and improve their quality of life. The glasses mimic the mechanics of insect eyes, using multiple perspectives to create one sharp image.

Tiny cameras on each temple capture images of the environment and send them to displays inside the lenses. These displays house 64 micro-lenses, each projecting a miniature image onto the healthy peripheral part of the retina. So, these smart glasses treat macular degeneration by essentially removing the blind spots that the disease causes.

It’s an interesting solution to the problem. While it doesn’t actively “cure” the degeneration, it does help revive the patient’s vision in different ways. The company showcased the glasses at CES 2025, where Soliddd showcased tests involving 31 individuals experiencing macular degeneration.

25 participants read faster with the glasses, and seven who couldn’t read previously were able to read again. The company plans to test both eyes simultaneously in future trials. Overall, the results here are very promising, and it does look like these smart glasses could actually treat macular degeneration.

However, macular degeneration is a very complex disease that comes in two forms: dry and wet. The “dry” form, which accounts for up to 90 percent of cases, involves the gradual deterioration of light-sensitive cells in the macula—the part of the retina responsible for central vision, color perception, and fine details.

Original Submission