Today the xkcd: Y2K and 2038 [xkcd.com] comic was published and this reminded me of the recent very good technical blog post Time is an illusion, Unix time doubly so... [netmeister.org] from Jan Schaumann where he explains how time is handled on different operating systems including some historical background.
As you well know, on Unix systems we measure time as the number of seconds since "the epoch": 00:00:00 UTC on January 1st, 1970. This has made a lot of people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move.
For starters, this definition is not based on something sensical such as, say, the objective frequency of vibration of a Cesium-133 atom, but on a convenient fraction of the time it takes a particular large rock to complete a full rotation around its own axis.
If you want to learning about any of this:
then click here [netmeister.org] and read this fine blog posting.
Happy reading and learning!